Viral disease is a common disease in the production of sweet peppers. Especially in the case of high temperature and drought, it is easy to induce the occurrence and spread of viral diseases. Once the disease causes a large number of falling flowers and leaves, the yield is obviously reduced. Effective control of its hazards has become a key measure to prolong the growth of sweet peppers and increase the yield of sweet peppers.
1. Select disease-resistant, disease-resistant, high-yield varieties, and improve the production of pure peppers and rejuvenation. Usually, the excellent varieties such as Zhongjiao No. 4 and Zhongjiao No. 7 are used. Because of the difference in resistance to resistance of sweet pepper varieties, it is easy to mix. Degradation, therefore, attention should be paid to the purification and rejuvenation of excellent varieties. In addition to isolation and planting of susceptible varieties, it should be emphasized that the mature fruit and the four mothers are selected on the disease-free plants.
2, cultivating high-age seedlings, improving disease resistance and cultivating high-aged seedlings, which is conducive to early emergence and enhanced disease resistance. The sweet pepper seedlings are mostly planted in greenhouse or impotence, and the seedbed bed soil is mixed with 6 parts of garden soil and 4 parts of decomposed horse manure, and 15-20 kg of super-fertilization and 1 kg of super-calcium per cubic meter. 10 kilograms of grass ash, used as soil for seedbeds.冀In the middle and south of the greenhouse, seedlings are planted in late December, planted in mid-April in the second year, seedling age 110-120 days, Yangshuo seedlings are planted in mid-January, planted in mid-to-late April, seedling age 90-100 days. Before sowing, first soak the selected seeds in a solution of trisodium phosphate at 10 ° C, remove them after 20-50 minutes, then pour them into warm water of 55 ° C, and then stir them until the water temperature drops to 30 ° C. Stop stirring, soak for 10-12 hours, then wash with water, remove a little cold, evaporate the surface water, then germination at 25-30 °C, buds are sown after sowing.
The temperature of the sweet pepper seedlings is generally determined by the high and low management methods. The pre-day period is at 25-50 ° C, 20-22 ° C at night, 20-25 ° C during the day and 15 ° C at night. In order to make the seedlings strong, the root system is developed. In the first ten days of March (the seedling height is about 10 cm), the seedlings are selected on a sunny day, and the seedlings are planted in 6-8 cm squares, and the seedlings of the same point are as small as possible. 10-15 days before planting, seedlings are exercised. If mulching is used to cover the seedlings, the coverings are removed 2-3 days before planting; the small arch sheds cover the seedlings, and the temperature in the shed before planting is reduced to about 10 °C. The cultivated old and strong seedlings should reach 13-15 true leaves, and more than 80% of the plants should be 20-21.5 cm.
3. Re-apply the base fertilizer to avoid heavy harvesting of sweet peppers, high yield, high nutrient consumption, and large amount of fertilizer. Generally, the grass is 4 cubic meters of grass, 1250 kilograms of chicken and horse manure, 125 kilograms of superphosphate, or 10 kilograms of compound fertilizer. Sweet pepper virus disease and tobacco mosaic virus can not only infect a variety of solanaceous vegetables, but also survive in the soil for more than 2 years, so it is necessary to carry out rotation for more than 2 years to avoid continuous cropping with this kind of vegetables to prevent soil disease. .
4. Reasonable dense planting and close planting can not only make sweet peppers and ridges early, avoid direct sunlight to the ground, lower ground temperature, protect roots, promote plant growth, increase field air humidity, cause field microclimate unfavorable to locust activities, and inhibit diseases. popular. Generally, a large row spacing of 60 cm, a small row spacing of 40 cm, a plant spacing of 30 cm or a large row spacing of 70 cm, a small row spacing of 50 cm, a plant spacing of 27 cm, two plants per hole, 8,000-9000 plants per mu.
5, using the mulch film and small arch shed cover cultivation techniques silver gray film has a strong repellent effect on aphids (especially the aphids that migrate to the field in spring), and it can not only play a role of warming and protecting the sweet pepper, but also It can also greatly reduce the amount of aphid transmission, thereby reducing viral diseases. The mulching film is covered and cultivated, and the double sorghum double-row planting is used for planting. The large row spacing is 70 cm, the small row spacing is 50 cm, and the hole spacing is 27 cm. The height is 12-15 cm and the width is 75 cm. The small arch shed cover cultivation can not only keep warm, but also prevent the virus from spreading. The small arch shed adopts a raft width of 1.3 meters, a arch distance of 1 meter, an arch height of 60-65 centimeters, a row spacing of 40 centimeters and a plant spacing of 30 centimeters. Then watered and buckled.
6, timely treatment of sputum, in order to prevent the spread of mites is the transmission of sweet pepper virus disease, once the mites are found to be harmful, immediately with imidacloprid, acetamiprid and other agents to cure. Generally, it is controlled 1-2 times during the nursery period, and it is timely controlled according to the occurrence of aphids after planting. At the same time, the adjacent vegetable fields should also be treated with drugs, otherwise the effect will not be good.
7. Foliar application of zinc, zinc and zinc ions can inhibit the propagation of virions, using 0.1% zinc sulphate, respectively, in the true leaf stage of sweet pepper 4-5, after planting slow seedling, before the peak of the result, and in the late summer. Sub-foliage spraying can delay the onset of the disease for about 7 days and increase the yield by more than 20%.
8. Strengthen field management, promote the development of trees and growth. On the basis of the application of the base fertilizer, in accordance with the principle of “pre-protection, medium-term preservation, and anti-aging in the later periodâ€, comprehensive use of various cultivation measures to ensure normal development. From planting to flowering, we should pour small water, diligently cultivate, raise the ground temperature, and promote hair roots. From flowering to the peak of the result, it is necessary to attack the water and fertilizer. Before harvesting the fruit, the urea is 15 kg of urea. After entering the volts, the weather is hot, the sweet pepper grows slowly, it needs to be watered in the morning and evening, the small water is poured, and the cultivating soil is lowered, the ground temperature is lowered, and the disease resistance of the plant is improved. After the midsummer, there is a small peak of production. In the middle of August, 8-10 kg of ammonium sulfate can be traced in the middle of August. During the harvest period, the manure can be diluted 3-4 times with water, and the thick manure should not be poured to prevent root burning. The ground temperature of mulching film cultivation is higher, but it is not suitable for seedlings and promotion. In July and August, the number of watering is appropriately reduced. If the small arch shed is covered and cultivated, if the oysters are poor after planting, the seedling water should be poured. At the beginning, the shed will be kept at 27-29 °C during the day, and the shed will start to vent when the shed temperature reaches 25 °C. 2 times to promote root development. After the shed was shed for 27 days, the shed was immediately removed, and then a comprehensive cultivating and cultivating soil was carried out. Afterwards, the small water was poured and the ground was moist.
9. Do a good job of intercropping and create environmental conditions that are conducive to disease resistance of plants. Sweet peppers and high-stalk crops can play a role in shading, reducing ground temperature and reducing disease during high temperature seasons. For example, 1 row of corn 4 rows of sweet peppers, or 2 rows of beans 4 rows of sweet pepper intercropping, can reduce the disease rate of 25%-30%.
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