Mountain Danger Accidents and Fire Emergency Rescue Measures

In recent years, mountain distress accidents have occurred from time to time and are showing a rising trend. With the development of the emergency rescue function of the public security fire brigade, mountain rescue has become

Our territory is vast and it is a mountainous country. In recent years, with the rising standard of living, people’s enthusiasm for mountaineering has also grown. At the same time, more and more people have gone deep into the great mountain peaks to carry out research, development operations, and search for secrets. However, with the popularization of mountaineering, mountain accidents frequently occur in accidents and they are on the rise.

According to the "Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", the public security fire brigade, as a backbone team of emergency rescue professional forces, must actively participate in rescue work based on salvaging the lives of personnel, in addition to accomplishing the fire fighting task. Fire mountain rescue is a new topic that emerged after the expansion of the emergency rescue function of the public security fire brigade. This article discusses the rescue and rescue of mountain distress accidents from the perspectives of mountain distress accident rescue characteristics, rescue equipment and equipment, training work, and rescue procedures, and provides reference for the timely implementation of effective rescue measures.

1. Characteristics of Mountain Distress Accident Rescue

Mountain accidents are accidents, losses, or disasters that occur in the mountains. It is mainly divided into subjective accidents and objective accidents. Mountain rescue is an aid-relief and disaster-relief action for mountain accidents. Its outstanding features are:

1.1 Urgent time for rescue

Mountain disasters will spread and expand as time goes by, and the number of casualties will also increase. Therefore, mountain rescue is very time-consuming. After receiving the alarm, the personnel receiving the alarm must quickly record the location of the disaster and promptly issue instructions; the driver must choose the most favorable driving route to the scene. Upon arrival, the commander must quickly organize on-site reconnaissance, and find insiders to understand the location and survival of trapped persons and issue rescue instructions. Rescuers should be able to rescue trapped people accurately and safely according to the order.

1.2 The road is far away and it is difficult to reach the site

Most of the mountains are far away from densely populated areas, inaccessible, and sometimes contact tools are not smooth. When rescue personnel receive an alarm, understand the situation, and carry out rescue operations, they may have missed the best rescue opportunity. In addition, because the vehicles cannot go uphill, rescue workers mostly rely on walking and climbing, so it is difficult to approach the people in distress.

1.3 The terrain is complex and it is difficult to rescue

Even if rescue workers approach the people in distress, it will be difficult to carry out rescue operations because of the steep terrain and the complex terrain of the gully. Especially at night, visibility is low and mountain rescue becomes more difficult. At the same time, accidents often accompanied by rolling stones, avalanches, landslides, flash floods and other dangerous situations, it is difficult for rescue personnel to accurately anticipate possible recurrence of dangerous situations.

1.4 The climate in the high mountain area affects the combat effectiveness of the rescue force

For example, at 7:49 on April 14, 2010, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yushu County town Richter 7.1 earthquake. Yushu is located in the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The low pressure, lack of oxygen, cold, dryness, and lack of rain and wind have all caused difficulties for the rescue. The earthquake occurred at an average altitude of 4000m Area (from 3750m To 4878m In some villages, the average pressure is about 55.45 to 61.58 kPa , and 11.60 to 12.93 kPa is the lower oxygen partial pressure, which is only 40% to 60% of the oxygen content at sea level . High altitude hypoxia is a huge challenge for mountain rescue. Second, alpine areas are basically at -2 °C to -3 °C at night, and the temperature difference between day and night can reach 15 °C to 20 °C . Extreme weather such as heavy rain, snowfall, hail and sandstorm after the earthquake increases the number of fire officers and soldiers, seriously affecting the fire brigade. Combat capability. Finally, bad weather and natural conditions often limit the use of rescue technology.

1.5 Poor communication, difficulty in command and coordination

After rescue workers enter the mountains, communication and assistance activities become difficult. The degree of injury to people in distress is difficult to grasp at one time, making it difficult to make decisions. In addition, only the stretcher can be used to transport the person in distress from the scene of the accident to a safe area, and the condition of the injured may also deteriorate during this process.

2. Mountain distress accident

The targeted training for fire and rescue is divided into theoretical teaching, skill training, actual combat simulation training, and computer-based mountain rescue training. The theory teaching is through teaching, so that officers and soldiers understand the basic knowledge of mountain distress accidents, and master the measures for handling mountain distress accidents.

The skill training operations involved in mountain accident rescue involve rope-hanging, hanging climbing and descent, and hemostasis, bandaging, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the scene of first aid.

3. Basic Procedures for Mountain Distress Accident Rescue

3.1 Alarm dispatch

After receiving the alarm, rescue workers must be dispatched quickly. After receiving the alert, you should pay attention to:

( 1 ) Accurately master the locations of mountain accidents, accidents, etc.;

( 2 ) Accurately determine the conditions of the accident scene and draw up rescue plans and equipment. Judging the hazards at the disaster site and obstacles to action, and based on the situation at the scene of the accident, do a good job of preparing for rescue activities. Sometimes you can set up a variety of rescue programs.

3.2 dispatch

The safe and rapid arrival of a disaster accident site is a necessary condition for completing the mission. Responsible personnel should pay attention to the following matters when dispatched:

( 1 ) After accepting the dispatching order, the team members must be nervous and orderly to prevent collision or fall accidents;

( 2 ) Prevent the equipment from being missed and check whether the vehicle's equipment door is closed.

3.3 Onsite reconnaissance

The first is to quickly determine the current status of the dangerous situation, to identify the time of the accident, and the location of the indigent; second is to ask the insider to find out the name, age, gender, physical status, etc. of the person in danger; and the third is to identify In the path of rescue, there is no obstacle in the space where the injurer is located to the ground, the surrounding terrain, landforms, and whether there is a place where the rescue equipment is fixed.

3.4 Evacuation

Delineate the warning zone, set a cordon, evacuate the site and watch the crowd; place the vehicle in a safe and reliable location that is convenient for command and easy to rescue.

3.5 Determine the rescue method

In general, mountain distress accidents and fire accidents are very different. After the commander arrives at the scene, he must first observe the scene calmly, and determine the rescue method based on the topography, features, number of people to be saved, unsafe conditions, rescue equipment, etc. to ensure that the person in danger is rescued correctly, safely and quickly. When assigning tasks, the commander must fully consider the capabilities of the team members and the actual conditions on the scene, and make reasonable arrangements for the rescue force. In particular, in the selection of rescue equipment and rescue methods, it is best to avoid the best timing and initiative to lose the player’s inability to properly grasp the commander’s intentions and thus lose the action. Specific rescue methods include "octopus" systems, pulley traction systems, and pull-up systems.

3.6 clean up the scene

After the rescue mission was over, the commanders counted the number, arranged equipment and equipment, made records, and evacuated safely.

Mountain emergency rescue is a new hot spot and new topic that the public security firefighting team is currently facing. It is an arduous task that social development will inevitably face. In order to carry out rescue operations safely, accurately, quickly, and effectively, the firefighting force shall be under the unified command and leadership of the emergency command center and be responsible for grading in stages. According to the equipment and professional and technical advantages of the rescue forces, it shall conduct scientific on-site control and definite Disposal of division of labor forms a powerful combination of fighting and guarantees the completion of emergency rescue missions.

This article from the Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Public Security Fire Fighting Force Command, re-edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.