Three questions are explained for you. The functions of the electrical control system, the composition of the electrical control, and the view of the electrical control. First, the electrical control system is generally called the secondary control loop of the electrical equipment. Different equipments have different control loops, and the high-voltage electrical equipment. It is also different from the control method of low voltage electrical equipment.
Electrical control system function
In order to ensure the reliability and safety of the primary equipment operation, a number of auxiliary electrical equipments are required to serve, and a combination of several electrical components capable of realizing a certain control function is called a control loop or a secondary loop. These devices have the following features:
(1) Automatic control function. The volume of high-voltage and high-current switching devices is very large. Generally, the operating system is used to control the switching and closing. Especially when the equipment fails, the switch needs to automatically cut off the circuit, and there must be an automatic control device. Automatic control of power supply equipment.
(2) Protection function. Electrical equipment and lines will malfunction during operation. The current (or voltage) will exceed the range and limits of equipment and line operation. This requires a set of detection of these fault signals and automatic adjustment of equipment and lines (disconnect, Switch the protection device, etc.).
(3) Monitoring function. Electricity is invisible to the eye. Whether a device is energized or de-energized cannot be distinguished from the outside. This requires setting various audio-visual signals, such as lighting and sound, to perform electrical monitoring on the primary device.
(4) Measurement function. The lighting and audible signals can only qualitatively indicate the working state of the equipment (with or without power). If you want to know the working condition of the electrical equipment quantitatively, you need various measuring instruments to measure various parameters of the line, such as voltage. , current, frequency and power size.
In the operation and monitoring of equipment, traditional operating components, control appliances, instruments and signals are mostly replaced by computer control systems and electronic components, but there are still some applications in small devices and locally controlled circuits. . This is also the basis for the realization of microcomputer automation control.
Composition of the electrical control system
The basic circuit of a commonly used control circuit consists of the following parts.
(1) Power supply circuit. The power supply of the power supply circuit has AC AC380V, 220V and DC 24V.
(2) Protection circuit. The working power supply of the protection (auxiliary) circuit is single-phase 220 (AC), 36V (DC) or DC 220 (AC), 24V (DC), etc., short circuit, overload and voltage loss of electrical equipment and lines. Protection consists of protective components such as fuses, thermal relays, voltage loss coils, rectifier components and voltage regulator components.
(3) Signal loop. A circuit that can reflect or display the normal and abnormal working status information of equipment and lines in time, such as signal lights of different colors, audio equipment with different sounds, etc.
(4) Automatic and manual circuits. In order to improve work efficiency, electrical equipment generally has an automatic link, but in the process of installation, commissioning and emergency, the manual link is also needed in the control circuit for debugging. Automatic and manual conversion is achieved by a combination switch or changeover switch.
(5) Brake parking circuit. Cut off the power supply of the circuit, and take some braking measures to make the motor quickly stop the control links, such as energy braking, reverse power braking, reverse pull braking and regenerative braking.
(6) Self-locking and locking circuits. After the start button is released, the line remains energized, and the electrical part that the electrical equipment can continue to work is called the self-locking link. For example, the moving contact of the contactor is connected in series in the coil circuit. Two or more electrical devices and components, in order to ensure the safety and reliability of the equipment operation, can only be activated by one power-on, and the other protection link that cannot be powered on is called the blocking link. For example, the breaking contacts of the two contactors are respectively connected in series in the coil circuit of the other side.
Electrical control system view
The electrical control system diagram is the theoretical basis for the installation, commissioning, use and maintenance of electrical circuits, mainly including electrical schematic diagrams, electrical installation wiring diagrams, and electrical component layout diagrams. The electrical control principle of each electrical device used in the system is used to guide the installation and control system operation of the electrical equipment.
Electrical control system diagram reading method
1, first read the machine. After reading
The first reading machine is to understand the basic structure, operation, process requirements and operation methods of the production machinery in order to have an overall understanding of the structure of the production machinery and its operation. After reading the electricity. It is to understand the control requirements of electric drive on the basis of understanding the machinery, and prepare for the analysis of the circuit.
2, first read the main, then read the auxiliary
Read the master first, that is, start reading the picture from the main loop. First of all, it is necessary to see that the machine tool is driven by several motors, the function of each motor, combined with the processing technology and the main circuit, to analyze whether the motor has a step-down start, whether there is positive and negative reversal control, and which braking method is used. Secondly, it is necessary to find out what electrical components are controlled by the electrical equipment, and some are manually controlled by a knife switch or a combination switch, and some are automatically controlled by a button plus a contactor or a relay.
3, rounding to zero, set zero for the whole
Finally, the overall inspection is carried out, first through the "deformation to zero", and gradually analyze the working principle of each partial circuit and the control relationship between the various parts. Then use the "zero set as whole" method to check the entire control line. So as not to miss? In particular, we should further examine and understand the links between the various control links from a holistic perspective.
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