The automatic fire alarm and fire linkage system, as an important subsystem in an intelligent building, is known for its importance. To create a safe and comfortable environment in smart buildings, fire safety is an important aspect. The automatic fire alarm and fire linkage system has played an irreplaceable role as an early warning of fires, the timely extinguishing of fires, and the protection of personal and property safety.
However, in some engineering designs, there are some deviations in the understanding and implementation of the specifications, and even one or more problems in the design. Some problems were raised by the fire department in the process of submitting the design drawings, and they could be modified. Some of the problems, although they did not provide opinions, may also have some hidden dangers in the future. Through many engineering design practices and understanding of some engineering situations, it is necessary to put forward the following issues that are worthy of attention in order to draw attention to the system so that the system can better meet the actual requirements of fire protection.
1 Issues that need cooperation with other professions The design of automatic fire alarms and fire linkage systems is not just something that a professional accomplishes independently. It requires the close cooperation between various professions. For example, with regard to the problem of fire dampers entering automatic fire alarms and fire linkage systems, electrical designers must work closely with the professional designers of ventilation and air conditioning to understand which valve corresponds to which fan or air conditioner and make a detailed linkage action table. , submitted to the system contractor, in order to make the software program in the preparation of this logical relationship one by one, otherwise, can not meet the linkage requirements in the case of fire. Although some contractors may make certain judgments based on the drawings and on-site conditions, they are not accurate enough and some of them even make mistakes. For example, for gas extinguishing systems, the use of gas extinguishing sites is generally a key and important sector of the building.
In order to effectively extinguish fires that are not suitable for extinguishing with water, gas extinguishing is used. For this space, it should be completely separated from other rooms to form a closed space. Once the gas is ejected, it is limited to this space. Therefore, it is necessary to make clear requirements to the architects so that the building professionals can erect the fireproof partitions to the top. In addition, the air supply and air-conditioning ducts for such rooms shall have a fire damper when entering the room so that they can be automatically closed before the air blow, so that the air duct does not become a passage for pressure relief. This requires close cooperation with the professional personnel of ventilation and air conditioning. This kind of situation is most likely to occur in buildings that have already been built. Originally it was only designed as a general office. Within a fire partition, it was often not sealed above the suspended ceiling. When a tenant or owner entered the building, he proposed to locate a room. When a gas fire extinguishing system is needed to change to an important room, this requirement is often ignored and the fire extinguishing system cannot achieve the desired effect.
2 The problem of internal coordination of the electrical major When designing a project, the electrical major is often divided into strong and weak electricity, and the design content of different personnel is focused. However, the designers of fire automatic alarm systems should make demands on the designers of strong electrical power. In the building design fire protection codes and high-rise building design codes, it is clearly required that the fire-fighting electrical equipment should adopt a dedicated power supply circuit. As the name suggests, the dedicated loop is not allowed to connect with other non-fire loads on the loop.
Fire alarms and linkage equipment in fire control rooms in buildings, fire pumps, automatic spray pumps, exhaust smoke, pressurized fans, fire lifts, emergency lighting, and evacuation guidance lights, etc. should be powered by dual power sources and should be performed at the end Inter-investment. For the power supply of the above types of systems, it must be ensured that the corresponding countermeasures can be taken in the event of a fire to minimize the loss of the fire. However, in the actual design, some people to save time and maps are convenient, and some non-fire-fighting equipment is received in the fire power supply circuit. For example, in some buildings, only two elevators are installed because of their small construction area. According to the specification, one of them needs to be set as a fire elevator. According to requirements, two power sources should be introduced into the fire engine room and all the way to the ordinary elevator room. However, in the design, some designers often use the power supply for the fire elevator and the common elevator in order to save time. This is inconsistent with the fire code. The access of ordinary elevators is bound to affect the reliability of fire elevators. In addition, for the exhaust fan and positive pressure blower, because the power consumption of such equipment is often not too large, and the distribution is relatively scattered, in the vicinity of these devices, there are often some air conditioners or ordinary exhaust fan, and thus some designs When the personnel supplied power to the two-way power supply of the exhaust fan, they were connected with some air conditioners or ordinary exhaust fans. The access of these devices undoubtedly brings certain hidden dangers to the safety of these loops. Once these devices fail and cause a short circuit, the reliability of the two-way power supply must be considered.
In the design of the automatic fire alarm system, the control schematics of the fan, the blower and exhaust fan, and the exhaust and pressurized fan are designed by a strong electrician. In the fire-fighting linkage design, for all equipment that must be linked in the event of a fire, some equipment is controlled by the building automation system during normal operation, and some designers only consider the interface of the building automation, and the fire-fighting linkage is omitted. interface. For the control loop, often encountered in the process of installation and commissioning of the fire linkage system, found that the lack of fire-linked contacts, some found before the strong control box, cabinet arrived, but to take remedial measures, please manufacturer Requires increased contact terminals. Some of them were discovered at the site of installation and brought great difficulties to the construction.
3 For some office buildings leased and sold, in the setting of fire detectors, due to the initial design, it is difficult to predict the future demand for its large bays, and even if it is not known how it will be renovated in the future, it is often possible to follow the requirements of each detector. The protected area is arranged. In the design of the system, there are certain requirements for the number of detectors connected to each circuit in the products of different manufacturers. When bidding for the system, the contractor also considers the number of detectors connected to each circuit according to the drawings, and leaves a certain margin.
However, in some engineering designs, there are some deviations in the understanding and implementation of the specifications, and even one or more problems in the design. Some problems were raised by the fire department in the process of submitting the design drawings, and they could be modified. Some of the problems, although they did not provide opinions, may also have some hidden dangers in the future. Through many engineering design practices and understanding of some engineering situations, it is necessary to put forward the following issues that are worthy of attention in order to draw attention to the system so that the system can better meet the actual requirements of fire protection.
1 Issues that need cooperation with other professions The design of automatic fire alarms and fire linkage systems is not just something that a professional accomplishes independently. It requires the close cooperation between various professions. For example, with regard to the problem of fire dampers entering automatic fire alarms and fire linkage systems, electrical designers must work closely with the professional designers of ventilation and air conditioning to understand which valve corresponds to which fan or air conditioner and make a detailed linkage action table. , submitted to the system contractor, in order to make the software program in the preparation of this logical relationship one by one, otherwise, can not meet the linkage requirements in the case of fire. Although some contractors may make certain judgments based on the drawings and on-site conditions, they are not accurate enough and some of them even make mistakes. For example, for gas extinguishing systems, the use of gas extinguishing sites is generally a key and important sector of the building.
In order to effectively extinguish fires that are not suitable for extinguishing with water, gas extinguishing is used. For this space, it should be completely separated from other rooms to form a closed space. Once the gas is ejected, it is limited to this space. Therefore, it is necessary to make clear requirements to the architects so that the building professionals can erect the fireproof partitions to the top. In addition, the air supply and air-conditioning ducts for such rooms shall have a fire damper when entering the room so that they can be automatically closed before the air blow, so that the air duct does not become a passage for pressure relief. This requires close cooperation with the professional personnel of ventilation and air conditioning. This kind of situation is most likely to occur in buildings that have already been built. Originally it was only designed as a general office. Within a fire partition, it was often not sealed above the suspended ceiling. When a tenant or owner entered the building, he proposed to locate a room. When a gas fire extinguishing system is needed to change to an important room, this requirement is often ignored and the fire extinguishing system cannot achieve the desired effect.
2 The problem of internal coordination of the electrical major When designing a project, the electrical major is often divided into strong and weak electricity, and the design content of different personnel is focused. However, the designers of fire automatic alarm systems should make demands on the designers of strong electrical power. In the building design fire protection codes and high-rise building design codes, it is clearly required that the fire-fighting electrical equipment should adopt a dedicated power supply circuit. As the name suggests, the dedicated loop is not allowed to connect with other non-fire loads on the loop.
Fire alarms and linkage equipment in fire control rooms in buildings, fire pumps, automatic spray pumps, exhaust smoke, pressurized fans, fire lifts, emergency lighting, and evacuation guidance lights, etc. should be powered by dual power sources and should be performed at the end Inter-investment. For the power supply of the above types of systems, it must be ensured that the corresponding countermeasures can be taken in the event of a fire to minimize the loss of the fire. However, in the actual design, some people to save time and maps are convenient, and some non-fire-fighting equipment is received in the fire power supply circuit. For example, in some buildings, only two elevators are installed because of their small construction area. According to the specification, one of them needs to be set as a fire elevator. According to requirements, two power sources should be introduced into the fire engine room and all the way to the ordinary elevator room. However, in the design, some designers often use the power supply for the fire elevator and the common elevator in order to save time. This is inconsistent with the fire code. The access of ordinary elevators is bound to affect the reliability of fire elevators. In addition, for the exhaust fan and positive pressure blower, because the power consumption of such equipment is often not too large, and the distribution is relatively scattered, in the vicinity of these devices, there are often some air conditioners or ordinary exhaust fan, and thus some designs When the personnel supplied power to the two-way power supply of the exhaust fan, they were connected with some air conditioners or ordinary exhaust fans. The access of these devices undoubtedly brings certain hidden dangers to the safety of these loops. Once these devices fail and cause a short circuit, the reliability of the two-way power supply must be considered.
In the design of the automatic fire alarm system, the control schematics of the fan, the blower and exhaust fan, and the exhaust and pressurized fan are designed by a strong electrician. In the fire-fighting linkage design, for all equipment that must be linked in the event of a fire, some equipment is controlled by the building automation system during normal operation, and some designers only consider the interface of the building automation, and the fire-fighting linkage is omitted. interface. For the control loop, often encountered in the process of installation and commissioning of the fire linkage system, found that the lack of fire-linked contacts, some found before the strong control box, cabinet arrived, but to take remedial measures, please manufacturer Requires increased contact terminals. Some of them were discovered at the site of installation and brought great difficulties to the construction.
3 For some office buildings leased and sold, in the setting of fire detectors, due to the initial design, it is difficult to predict the future demand for its large bays, and even if it is not known how it will be renovated in the future, it is often possible to follow the requirements of each detector. The protected area is arranged. In the design of the system, there are certain requirements for the number of detectors connected to each circuit in the products of different manufacturers. When bidding for the system, the contractor also considers the number of detectors connected to each circuit according to the drawings, and leaves a certain margin.