I. Introduction
The anodized aluminum alloy pretreatment process is an important step in determining the appearance quality of the product. Various quality requirements such as removal of the mechanical profile, sanding, matt, and brightening are determined by the pretreatment process. The traditional pre-treatment process is divided into three types:
(1) Alkaline erosion process: consists of degreasing → washing → alkaline etching → washing → washing → light extraction → washing → washing → oxidation, that is, after the deoiling of the profile, alkali etching treatment in the alkali etching tank to remove mechanical patterns and natural Oxidation film, sand, and then out of the surface of the light tank to remove the black and gray, can be anodized. The core process of this process is alkali etching, and the smoothness of the surface of the profile and the quality of sanding are all determined by this process. In order to achieve the purpose of leveling the mechanical pattern, alkali etching is generally required for 12 to 15 minutes, aluminum consumption is 40 to 50 Kg/T, and alkali consumption is 50 Kg/T. Such high aluminum consumption not only wastes resources, but also brings serious environmental problems and increases the cost of wastewater treatment. The process has been used for more than 100 years. Most of the world's aluminum plants are still in use today. Until the last two years, they were gradually replaced by acid etching.
(2) Acid etching process: consists of degreasing → washing → etching → washing → washing → alkali etching → washing → washing → light washing → washing → washing → oxidation. After the deoiling profile, the material is etched first, then alkali etched, lighted out, and the pretreatment is completed. The core process of the process is acid etching, and the mechanical degaussing and sanding are determined by acid etching. Unlike alkali etching, the major advantage of acid etching is that it has strong mechanical texture, quick sand development, and low aluminum consumption. Generally, it can be completed in 3 to 5 minutes, and aluminum consumption is almost 1/8 to 1/6 of alkaline corrosion. From the perspective of work efficiency and resource conservation, acid etching is undoubtedly a major advancement in alkaline etching processes. However, the environmental problems of acid etching are even more pronounced: the escape of the toxic gas HF in the acid tank and the pollution of the water tank Fˉ. Fluorides are generally highly toxic and are more difficult to handle. In addition, after the acid etching treatment, the appearance of the profile is dark and dark, although the alkali corrosion and light emission may have to be continued, it may be brighter, but it is still very dark, which not only increases the process, but also loses the gloss. These problems have not yet been effective. solution.
(3) Polishing process: It is composed of degreasing, washing, polishing, washing and washing. After the oil is removed, the profile is placed in the polishing tank. After 2 to 5 minutes of polishing, the mirror can be formed and can be directly oxidized after washing. The core process of the process is polishing, and the patterning and mirroring are all done in the polishing tank. Polishing has the advantages of low aluminum consumption and bright profile, but the escape of NOx in the polishing tank causes serious environmental pollution and physical injury to operators. At the same time, factors such as the cost of expensive chemical raw materials also restrict the promotion of the process. Throughout the above three processes, although they have their own characteristics, but the disadvantages are also more prominent, such as high alkali consumption of aluminum, alkaline residue, low ergonomics; acid fluoride pollution, dark profiles; polishing pollution is serious, the cost is too high and so on. These processes either pollute the environment, or waste aluminum resources, or reduce the surface quality of aluminum, urgently need to carry out process improvement. The company's XY-Z leveling brightener is a brand-new surface treatment technology designed to make up for the deficiencies of the above three pretreatment processes.
Second, leveling light process The so-called leveling light process is a new surface pretreatment process introduced after polishing, alkali etching, etching, is a profound transformation and evolution of the alkali etching, etching process, it has It has the advantages of low consumption of etched aluminum, strong mechanical texture, and quick sanding, but it also has a bright and beautiful finish, but it basically eliminates the disadvantages of polishing NOx pollution, acid etching fluoride pollution, alkali corrosion alkaline residue pollution, etc. Promising and revolutionary new process.
(1) The process smoothing and brightening process is much simpler than acid etching and alkaline etching. It is even simpler than the polishing process. It is mainly composed of the following processes: leveling light → washing → washing → oxidation. The core of this process is leveling light, leveling mechanical grain, sanding, light, etc. are all finished by leveling and bright grooves, and after the leveling light, it can be oxidized, eliminating the need of oil, alkali corrosion, neutralization and other processes.
(II) Profiles The profiles processed by the leveling and brightening technology have three major characteristics: 1. Leveling: Under the action of the leveling agent, the mechanical pattern can be completely removed within 1 to 5 minutes, and the surface is particularly smooth. 2. Fine sand: Under the action of the sanding agent, a uniform layer of fine sand is formed on the surface of the profile, which is difficult to achieve with sand blasting and acid etching techniques. 3. Bright: Under the effect of brightener, the profile surface is very bright, almost comparable to polished materials.
(III) Scope of application
1. Building profile: After the silver material is leveled and bright, the surface is very smooth, bright and smooth; the combination of coloring, dyeing and leveling and brightening technology makes the surface of the profile be as bright as after waxing; electrophoresis and leveling The combination of bright technology can greatly improve the profile grade.
2. Industrial materials: All kinds of industrial materials made of aluminum alloy, such as automobile wheels, bicycle rings, bicycle frames, etc., can be treated with leveling and brightening technology to replace mechanical polishing, improve production efficiency and product quality.
3, household appliances: many household appliances aluminum shell, can use this technology to improve the appearance of quality. Lighting and decorative materials can also use this technology.
(four) process specification
1, slot: leveling bright liquid (grooving fluid)
2, production: temperature: 95 ~ 110 °C time: 1 ~ 5min
3. Add: When the liquid level of the bath can not meet the production requirements, it should be added in time. Be sure to add to the initial level when adding supplements. After the addition, the bath should be thoroughly stirred before starting production.
4.Management: The management of leveling and brightening trough is very simple, and it can be added according to the proportion in time. The dissolved and brought out AL3+ can reach the balance, and the service life of bath is more than 3 years.
5. Consumption: Aluminum consumption is lower than that of acid etching, and it is equivalent to polishing; leveling brightener consumption is about 200-250Kg/T.
Third, the technology contrast leveling bright technology is based on alkali corrosion, acid etching, polishing technology developed on the basis of, she absorbed the advantages of the first three technologies, while avoiding its shortcomings, is - a rare technical breakthrough.