1. Production of raw materials
Although the quality of activated carbon prepared from wood as a raw material is good, due to the deforestation of trees in recent years, packaging, construction, decoration, disposable sanitary appliances, etc. consume a large amount of wood every year, and the regeneration rate of wood resources is very slow. From a few years to more than ten years or decades, it has caused the shortage of timber resources in China. In order to promote the healthy development of the activated carbon industry, the relevant departments of China have done a lot of work on the production of activated carbon by replacing raw materials with different raw materials. .
For example, the activated carbon is prepared from rice husks, the flammable gas, carbon and tar are prepared from waste plants, and the activated carbon is used to prepare activated carbon. The chemical department of our school has also made a large amount of activated carbon for the local resources - wheat straw and corn stalk instead of wood. In the research work, the subject has been awarded the provincial appraisal results in 1999. In addition, reports on the preparation of activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse and organic industrial waste are also available.
2, the production process
Because most of the chemical activated carbons use zinc chloride as an activator, the development of air pollution has limited its development. Therefore, people are constantly exploring new production processes that replace zinc chloride with other non-polluting or less-active activators. It is reported that sulfuric acid can be used as an activator to prepare a decolorizing agent with high decolorizing power, and the carbonization activation temperature is lowered from 450 - 550 ° C of the zinc chloride method to 2 50 - 300 ° C, and phosphoric acid is used as an activator to substantially eliminate pollution. And the product quality is stable, the operating conditions are easy to control, and according to the latest data, small-scale research on the preparation of activated carbon by radiation process and fluidization process is underway.
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the physical activated carbon process will gradually be valued by people. In order to improve the adsorption performance of physical activated carbon, various production units have tried many times, for example, changing the high-temperature steam activation process twice. Can significantly improve the decolorization of the product.
3. Production equipment
The activation furnace is the most important key equipment for the production of activated carbon. Although the rotary furnace has simple operation, low labor intensity, uniform material activation and stable product quality, due to the high temperature of the flue gas, some zinc chloride in the gas phase is brought in and increased. Consumption, if using a griddle furnace, although the efficiency is low, occasionally the disadvantages of carbonization and activation are uneven, but the operation flexibility is large, and the pollution is easy to solve. How to balance the two, experts are exploring this, I believe there will be in the near future High-efficiency activation furnace with low pollution, high degree of mechanization and stable product quality.
The pulverizing and drying equipment is a must-have equipment in the production process of activated carbon. Most of the traditional pulverizing equipment adopts mine ball mills with different specifications. The efficiency is low, the power consumption is large, and the noise pollution is serious. At present, some large enterprises have switched to Raymond machines, the efficiency of the machine. High, smashed evenly, fast filter speed. Regarding the drying equipment, most of the waste heat of the carbonization activation furnace is used as the drying heat source, and the fixed box type or rotary furnace type drying equipment is used, but both have the disadvantages of large powder and low efficiency, and some enterprises have changed Use other equipment with better effects, such as vacuum drying, fluidized fluidized bed dry noise, etc. The crushing equipment research institute and drying equipment research institute under the Ministry of Chemical Industry and Machinery of China have successfully developed new equipment every year and put it on the market. Various companies refer to the selection.
Potassium permanganate and powdered activated carbon have the best flocculation effect
The test of flocculation effect of potassium permanganate and powdered activated carbon was first carried out. The experiment of different dosage order of potassium permanganate and powdered activated carbon was first carried out, and only potassium permanganate was added and only powdered activated carbon was added. The conventional treatment process comparison test, the powdered activated carbon dosage is 10 mg / L, the potassium permanganate dosage is 1.0 mg / L, and the ferric chloride mixed liquid dosage (calculated by iron) 10 mg / L. The results show that the pre-oxidation of potassium permanganate can improve the adsorption removal rate of activated carbon. The combination of potassium permanganate and powdered activated carbon has better effect on strengthening the low-temperature and low-turbidity water coagulation. It is better than the adsorption of powdered activated carbon alone or alone. The pre-oxidation of potassium permanganate, especially the removal of the UV absorbance of raw water is particularly evident. The adsorption of powdered activated carbon reduces the UV absorbance of post-sink water by about 10% compared with the conventional process; the pre-oxidation of potassium permanganate reduces the UV absorbance of post-sink water by 5%; while the combination of potassium permanganate and powdered activated carbon makes it sink. The UV absorbance of water drops by 16% to 21%. In addition, the combination of potassium permanganate and powdered activated carbon reduces the turbidity of the water after sinking to a certain extent. The order of adding potassium permanganate and powdered activated carbon has a certain degree of influence on the treatment effect of low temperature and low turbidity water:
It can be seen from the experimental results that the best flocculation effect can be obtained by simultaneously adding potassium permanganate and powdered activated carbon. Mainly due to the pre-oxidation of potassium permanganate, the adsorption increase of powdered activated carbon, that is, the oxidative polymerization of organic substances on the surface of powdered activated carbon due to potassium permanganate, and the oxidation of new ecological water and manganese dioxide produced during adsorption. Adsorption and catalysis. The full play of the above two roles requires certain conditions.
The first role requires the oxidation of potassium permanganate, that is, it needs to be in the presence of a certain amount of potassium permanganate;
The second effect is to rely on the reduction product of potassium permanganate - the new ecological hydrated manganese dioxide to play a role, the amount of potassium permanganate and the degree of reduction directly affect the role of this role. For the three dosing points of the powdered activated carbon, the simultaneous addition with the potassium permanganate can better satisfy the above two conditions, thereby obtaining a better removal effect on the organic pollutants.
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