In order to realize remote monitoring and communication with external networks, smart homes must implement Internet access of the SCM system. The embedded Internet technology in smart homes plays a significant role here. Single-chip computer adopts Internet communication and control has very good practical value, it can easily realize remote control and monitoring, and it is also the main goal of information appliances. However, at present, the technical difficulty of implementing the embedded Internet solution using a single-chip microcomputer lies in: how to utilize the limited resources of the single chip microcomputer to process the information in the TCP/IP protocol so as to become an IP data packet that can be transmitted on the Internet. From solving this technology, there are currently four options:
(1) 32-bit MCU+RTOS
32-bit high-end microcontroller is used to develop software on the RTOS (Real-Time Multitasking Operating System) platform. The TCP/IP protocol is integrated in the embedded single-chip microcomputer system to implement TCP/IP protocol processing. This protocol can be implemented by software. Software can also be simplified by hardware. This configuration requires the microcontroller to have a certain amount of memory to implement the TCPIIP protocol. At present, the more popular RTOSs in China are VxWorks, pSOS, Nucleus, QNX, and Windows CE.
Due to the use of high-end microcontrollers, this solution can accomplish many complex functions, but the cost is high, and the development cycle is long. It requires the purchase of expensive RTOS development software, which requires a high level of developer's capabilities.
(2) 8-bit MCU+TCP/IP protocol chip
This solution is the core of the application system composed of the MCU and the chip that solidifies the TCP/IP protocol. The application system can directly dial-up and access the Internet. The hardware circuit is relatively simple, but it requires large-capacity memory. If the TCP/IP protocol chip used is software-cured, it also requires the MCU to have a higher operating speed. The chips using this scheme include Scixix Semiconductor's SX-stack, Seiko's 57600A, iReady's Internet Tuner, and ConnectOne's iChip. Among them, Scenix single-chip microcomputer is software solidification protocol, and the software protocol stack is written in assembly language and stored in the FLASH program memory of the single-chip microcomputer; other chips are hardware-hardened, and the hardware TCP/IP protocol stack acts as an accelerator between the MCU and the Internet.
The advantage of this solution is that the 8-bit microcontroller system is directly connected to the Internet. The PC can be used to remotely access the SCM system through the Internet, and the SCM system can also be used to send information over the Internet to remote PCs or other terminals. However, application system design engineers must be familiar with protocols such as TCP/IP and related interfaces. The software design volume is large. In addition, each electronic device needs an IP address, so it is necessary to expand the IP protocol to get better support.
(3) MCU+EMIT protocol+emGateway
Using emmit developed EMIT (Embedded Micro Internetworking Technology, embedded micro-Internet network technology), emNet protocol is used inside the MCU of the application system, and then connected to the Internet through emGateway. The EmGateway network software interface can be installed in computers, TV set-top boxes or dedicated home appliance servers. It supports the TCP/IP protocol and runs HTTP service programs as users can remotely access the server via a web browser. EmGateway is connected to multiple embedded devices through RS-232, RS-485, CAN, infrared, and RF communications. Each embedded device application contains an independent communication task called emMicro, which monitors embedded devices. Pre-defined each variable, and feedback the result to emGateway, while emMicr. You can also interpret Gateway commands, modify variables in the device, or perform some sort of control. Together, EmMicro and emGateway provide Internet functionality for embedded devices.
Because the complicated network protocol is implemented on the PC through the emGateway, the application system MCU only uses the simpler emNet protocol, so the requirements on the MCU are lower. However, the application system design engineer must be familiar with the emNet protocol and related interfaces. The original MCU of the customer application system may not meet the requirements, and the workload of hardware and software design is still large. At the same time, the application of the system's single-chip microcomputer processing emNet protocol requires a certain amount of system resources.
(4) MCU+Webchip+PC Gateway
The so-called Webchip is a dedicated network interface chip that is independent of various microcontrollers. It connects to various MCUs through standard input and output ports. The MCU can connect to the gateway via Webchip to receive and execute commands transmitted remotely via the Internet or send data to the Webchip.
Webchip's main advantage is that: for MCU application system design engineers, there is no need to familiarize with complex network protocols and their interfaces; for MCU chips, there is no special requirement for operating speed and memory capacity; software design only needs to increase one The small-section interface program does not require major changes to simplify the application design workload in large programs and shorten the design cycle of the MCU application system.
The above four schemes implement the connection between the MCU application system and the Internet from different ways. In addition, RS-232, RS-485 bus, radio frequency or infrared control modules and other expansion schemes can constitute a small home control network.
(1) 32-bit MCU+RTOS
32-bit high-end microcontroller is used to develop software on the RTOS (Real-Time Multitasking Operating System) platform. The TCP/IP protocol is integrated in the embedded single-chip microcomputer system to implement TCP/IP protocol processing. This protocol can be implemented by software. Software can also be simplified by hardware. This configuration requires the microcontroller to have a certain amount of memory to implement the TCPIIP protocol. At present, the more popular RTOSs in China are VxWorks, pSOS, Nucleus, QNX, and Windows CE.
Due to the use of high-end microcontrollers, this solution can accomplish many complex functions, but the cost is high, and the development cycle is long. It requires the purchase of expensive RTOS development software, which requires a high level of developer's capabilities.
(2) 8-bit MCU+TCP/IP protocol chip
This solution is the core of the application system composed of the MCU and the chip that solidifies the TCP/IP protocol. The application system can directly dial-up and access the Internet. The hardware circuit is relatively simple, but it requires large-capacity memory. If the TCP/IP protocol chip used is software-cured, it also requires the MCU to have a higher operating speed. The chips using this scheme include Scixix Semiconductor's SX-stack, Seiko's 57600A, iReady's Internet Tuner, and ConnectOne's iChip. Among them, Scenix single-chip microcomputer is software solidification protocol, and the software protocol stack is written in assembly language and stored in the FLASH program memory of the single-chip microcomputer; other chips are hardware-hardened, and the hardware TCP/IP protocol stack acts as an accelerator between the MCU and the Internet.
The advantage of this solution is that the 8-bit microcontroller system is directly connected to the Internet. The PC can be used to remotely access the SCM system through the Internet, and the SCM system can also be used to send information over the Internet to remote PCs or other terminals. However, application system design engineers must be familiar with protocols such as TCP/IP and related interfaces. The software design volume is large. In addition, each electronic device needs an IP address, so it is necessary to expand the IP protocol to get better support.
(3) MCU+EMIT protocol+emGateway
Using emmit developed EMIT (Embedded Micro Internetworking Technology, embedded micro-Internet network technology), emNet protocol is used inside the MCU of the application system, and then connected to the Internet through emGateway. The EmGateway network software interface can be installed in computers, TV set-top boxes or dedicated home appliance servers. It supports the TCP/IP protocol and runs HTTP service programs as users can remotely access the server via a web browser. EmGateway is connected to multiple embedded devices through RS-232, RS-485, CAN, infrared, and RF communications. Each embedded device application contains an independent communication task called emMicro, which monitors embedded devices. Pre-defined each variable, and feedback the result to emGateway, while emMicr. You can also interpret Gateway commands, modify variables in the device, or perform some sort of control. Together, EmMicro and emGateway provide Internet functionality for embedded devices.
Because the complicated network protocol is implemented on the PC through the emGateway, the application system MCU only uses the simpler emNet protocol, so the requirements on the MCU are lower. However, the application system design engineer must be familiar with the emNet protocol and related interfaces. The original MCU of the customer application system may not meet the requirements, and the workload of hardware and software design is still large. At the same time, the application of the system's single-chip microcomputer processing emNet protocol requires a certain amount of system resources.
(4) MCU+Webchip+PC Gateway
The so-called Webchip is a dedicated network interface chip that is independent of various microcontrollers. It connects to various MCUs through standard input and output ports. The MCU can connect to the gateway via Webchip to receive and execute commands transmitted remotely via the Internet or send data to the Webchip.
Webchip's main advantage is that: for MCU application system design engineers, there is no need to familiarize with complex network protocols and their interfaces; for MCU chips, there is no special requirement for operating speed and memory capacity; software design only needs to increase one The small-section interface program does not require major changes to simplify the application design workload in large programs and shorten the design cycle of the MCU application system.
The above four schemes implement the connection between the MCU application system and the Internet from different ways. In addition, RS-232, RS-485 bus, radio frequency or infrared control modules and other expansion schemes can constitute a small home control network.
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