(Source: Colorado State University official website)
"Smart glass" is an energy-saving product that can be found on windows of cars, buildings and airplanes. However, smart glass usually takes a few minutes to reach the dull state, and repeated cycles between light and dark for a long time will also reduce the coloring quality. According to foreign media reports, Colorado State University (Colorado State University) chemists, through a better understanding of the working principle of smart glass at the nanometer scale, propose nano-level smart glass design methods, or will increase the speed of smart glass color change and Durability.
Colby Evans, a graduate student in the school, and Justin Sambur, an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, and others, are working on “electrically-color-changing†smart glass. Its working principle is to use voltage to drive lithium ions into and out of tungsten oxide transparent films. Evans said: "You can think of it as a see-through battery." A typical tungsten oxide smart glass plate, from transparent to complete color change, takes 7-12 minutes.
The researchers focused on electrochromic tungsten oxide nanoparticles, which are 100 times smaller than human hair. Experiments show that the coloring speed of a single nanoparticle is four times faster than a thin film composed of the same particles. This is because the interface between the nanoparticles in the thin film traps lithium ions and slows the coloring behavior. Over time, the performance of the material will decrease.
To prove their point, the researchers used a bright field transmission microscope to observe how tungsten oxide nanoparticles absorb and scatter light. When making "smart glass" samples, they constantly changed the amount of nanoparticle materials in the sample. As the number of nanoparticles increased, they observed the mutual contact between them and the change in coloring behavior. Then, they used scanning electron microscopy to take high-resolution images of the nanoparticles, covering the length, width, and spacing, to know how many particles were clustered together, how many were scattered, and so on.
Based on the experimental results, the researchers proposed that if the materials based on nanoparticles are manufactured and the particles are kept at the optimal spacing to avoid the trapping of ions, it is possible to improve the performance of smart glass. This method can also be used to guide the application research of batteries, fuel cells, capacitors and sensors.
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