Physicochemical properties
Silver white shiny, extremely lively light metal. Odorless. It is brittle and hard at low temperature ( -20 °C), soft as wax at room temperature, and easy to cut with a knife. It is in the form of a rod, a pellet, a granule or a block. Exposure to air produces an off-white oxide film overlying the metal surface. The relative density is 0.968. The temperature of 97.8 ° C. The boiling point is 881.4 °C. The vapor pressure is 133.3 Pa (400 ° C). Evaporation begins at 100 ° C and steam can erode the glass. It reacts easily with oxygen and produces a yellow flame to burn. Dissolved in metallic mercury to form sodium amalgam. Reacts violently with water, produces sodium hydroxide and releases hydrogen. Insoluble in benzene and kerosene.
Dangerous characteristics
Highly reactive, flammable, explosive materials. Self-ignition point > 115 ° C (in dry air). In case of water or moisture, it reacts violently to form sodium hydroxide and emits hydrogen, which releases a large amount of heat, causing fire or explosion. Metal sodium is exposed to the air or oxygen and can ignite and explode to cause the melt to splash. Reacts violently with halogens, phosphorus, many oxides, oxidizing agents and acids. The toxicity of metallic sodium is based on its ability to dissolve proteins and to cause local irritation and corrosion. Inhalation of sodium vapor or smoke and sodium oxide fumes generated by sodium smoldering have a strong irritant and corrosive effect on the upper respiratory tract mucosa, causing chemical upper respiratory tract inflammation. Moist skin and mucous membrane contact can cause severe corrosive burns.
Emergency measures, fire fighting methods
Do not use water, halogenated hydrocarbons (such as 1211 fire extinguishing agent), sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate as fire extinguishing agent, but should use dry sodium chloride powder, dry graphite powder, sodium carbonate dry powder, dry sand, etc. First aid: contact with metal sodium can absorb heat and cause burns. Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide, which is highly corrosive and causes burns to the eyes and skin. Eye irritation is washed with plenty of water and treated for medical attention. Skin contact should be wiped off with metal, washed with plenty of water, burned and treated. Inadvertently rushed to the mouth and sent to the hospital for treatment.
Storage and transportation instructions
Packing mark: Wet flammable items. Packaging method: (II) class. 1) Immerse in a solid metal container containing mineral oil (kerosene, etc.) or liquid paraffin with a flash point above 50 °C, the oil surface is 5 to 10 cm higher than the metal sodium, and the sealing port is sealed into the water tank; 2) loading It is contained in a glass bottle with a flash point of mineral oil (kerosene, etc.) or solid paraffin above 50 °C. Or into a metal container containing mineral oil or paraffin wax, the item must be completely submerged, sealed and placed in a wooden box. Metallic sodium cannot be immersed in mineral oil containing moisture and cannot be immersed in halogenated hydrocarbons. Storage and transportation conditions: Store in a cool, ventilated and dry warehouse. Avoid high temperatures and prevent the roof from leaking. Prevent damage to the container. Mineral oil tanks should be provided in the warehouse. If necessary, the leaking barrels can be immersed in the tanks and should not be exposed to acid or water. It is not transportable on rainy days and is stored and transported with acids, halogens, silicates, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates and heavy metal oxides or hydroxides and water-containing articles. |
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