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Rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles have become a bottleneck restricting the development of the industry due to their large size, heavy weight, and high cost. For example, two-thirds of the batteries in the Nissan Leaf electric vehicle only act as a support structure, producing no energy, and these materials are more expensive than the actual power generation. Therefore, if these "useless weights" can participate in the energy supply, the efficiency of the vehicle's rechargeable battery will increase dramatically.
Recently, Jiang Yeming, a professor of materials science and engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and his team developed a material called "Cambridge Crude Oil" that is expected to solve this problem.
The material is dark black and looks similar to crude oil. In ordinary rechargeable batteries, iron atoms move through the electrolyte or electrolyte powder in two solid electrodes, causing electrons to flow into the wires connected to the two electrodes to generate a current. The "Cambridge Crude" battery manufactured by Jiang Yeming, the electrode is composed of tiny lithium elements, mixed with the liquid electrolyte, and becomes a mud-like fluid mixture. There are two “slurries†with positive and negative charges in the battery, separated by a permeable membrane. The two “slurries†flow and exchange lithium ions on the membrane to generate electricity. To charge the battery, an external power supply can be connected to return the ions to the other side through the membrane.
Jiang Yeming predicts that this kind of semi-solid battery will produce about 10 times more power per unit volume than traditional batteries. Professor Yury Gogotsi of the Drexel Institute of Nanotechnology in the United States stated: "This is the most exciting invention in the field of electrical energy storage in recent years."
There are three ways to replace the "Cambridge Crude" semi-solid battery. First, the user will use the extracted liquid to inject new “mudâ€; second, go to the charging station for replacement; and third, use electricity to charge the “slurryâ€. The first two methods can be completed in just a few minutes.
In general, rechargeable batteries are the heaviest and most expensive part of electric vehicles. Jiang Yeming estimates that the new battery will cost about US$250 per kilowatt-hour, so replacing it with the 24 kilowatt-hour battery of the Nissan Leaf will cost US$6,000, which is only 1/3 of the current cost. In addition, Jiang Yeming also said: "Cambridge crude oil" battery is fully charged for at least 300 kilometers at a time, which is twice the current battery life. (1 US dollar is about 6.39 yuan)
Dan Steingart of the City University of New York Energy Research Institute said: "This is a very great technology because people can charge used Cambridge Crude Oil." But he pointed out that even if this technology can be used commercially in the short term, However, it takes a long time to set up a charging station.
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