Actively develop hydropower on the premise of ecological protection and resettlement, focus on promoting the construction of large-scale hydropower stations in the southwest region, and develop water resources for medium and small rivers according to local conditions, and scientifically plan and build pumped-storage power stations.
The construction of large-scale hydropower stations in key river basins such as the Jinsha River, Yalong River, and Dadu River started construction of 120 million kilowatts of hydropower.
- The “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development is the last five years of stagnation and stagnation in the history of hydropower development.
In the next five years, has hydropower changed its momentum and emerged strongly? The “Twelfth Five-Year†Plan outlines a clear answer for us. In the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, hydropower will open up the fog and see the sky, and it will usher in five years of gold development.
In the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†of the main battlefield for hydropower development in Southwest China, the installed capacity of key hydropower stations listed in the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†is 74.021 million kilowatts, of which a large number of major hydropower projects have been planned in the southwest region. Due to the comprehensive consideration of ecological, safety, and resettlement issues in the hydropower development process, the country slowed down the pace of hydropower development. As of the end of 2009, the country only approved 30 million kilowatts, and the approved installed capacity accounted for only 27.1% of the total.
From the outline of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, we can see that the premise of hydropower development is to do a good job of ecological protection and resettlement; “proactive development†shows that the country’s determination and attitude in vigorously developing hydropower during the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€; and development The emphasis was again placed on the southwest region. Why does the country make a 180-degree turn in its attitude toward hydropower development? What impact will this development of hydropower have on such a large scale? Why does the Southwest become a key development area? From a strategic point of view, as China's pressure and responsibility for reducing CO2 emissions are increasing, the vigorous development of hydropower has become China's most important guarantee for fulfilling its emission reduction commitments and is a strategic choice for achieving sustainable economic and social development; From the point of view, as the nation’s power demand continues to grow rapidly and the power grid scale expands, the peak-to-valley difference in the power load is also increasing. The requirements for frequency regulation, peak regulation and valley filling are also increasing, and the advantages of hydropower are increasing. The more obvious. From the economic point of view, the economically developed eastern region urgently needs the support of the western hydropower resources, while the underdeveloped western region can effectively promote the development of its own economy through the development and utilization of hydropower. From this point of view, the advantages of hydropower development far outweigh the disadvantages.
As of 2010, China's hydropower installed capacity has exceeded 200 million kilowatts, accounting for more than 20% of the country's installed capacity. According to the plan, during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, 120 million kilowatts of hydropower projects will be started, and an average of 24 million kilowatts will be started each year. According to the construction period of large-scale hydropower plants for 5 years to 8 years, hydropower will effectively undertake the adjustment of China's energy structure. Responsibility to help China achieve its energy saving and emission reduction targets by 2020 and fulfill its emission reduction commitments.
According to statistics, the hydraulic resources in southwestern China account for about 67% of the national total. The installed capacity and annual power generation of river basins in the southwest region account for about 50% of the national technological development. So far, the overall development of hydropower resources in the southwest region has been completed. The degree is only 17%, the development of the Yalong River mainstream is less than 20%, and only one Jin'anqiao hydropower station in the mainstream of the Jinsha River is completed and put into production. At present, the hydropower plans for the middle reaches of the Jinsha River, the mid-lower reaches of the Yalong River, and the Dadu River have all been approved by the state or the relevant provincial government.
Experts said that while accelerating the development of resources such as the Jinsha River, Yalong River, and Dadu River, which will be enriched by the “West-to-East Electricity Transmission†strategic status hydropower base, the country will further improve the capacity of continuous rolling development in key river basins and maintain a reasonable scale. , continuous development and development by far and near, cascades. More importantly, we must continue to develop hydropower on the basis of protecting the ecological environment, insist on both hydropower development and environmental protection, and adhere to the people-oriented resettlement work.
The development of small and medium-sized hydropower projects must have a period of “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period. Although the development of large-scale hydropower projects has stagnated, the development of small and medium-sized hydropower projects has always been a tribute. The hydropower resources of small and medium-sized rivers have been effectively developed and utilized. According to the National Rural Water Resources Survey released by the Ministry of Water Resources in 2009, the technologically exploitable installed capacity of 100-50,000 MW small and medium-sized hydropower in China is 128 million kilowatts, and the annual power generation is 535 billion kilowatts. As of 2009, the installed capacity of medium and small hydropower accounts for about one-third of the installed hydropower capacity in the country, and it has become an important part of China's power structure.
In Yunnan, where the proportion of small and medium-sized hydropower development is relatively high, medium and small hydropower accounts for 65.6% of the province's installed hydropower capacity, covering more than 90% of the province's remote and poverty-stricken ethnic areas, and 70% of the rural population in the province uses electricity and 90% of electricity for agricultural production. . As an important supplement to large-scale hydropower, small and medium-sized hydropower has contributed to the local economic and social development in Yunnan, the protection of power supply, and support for the “West-East Power Transmissionâ€.
However, in recent years, some local small and medium-sized hydropower stations have experienced problems such as disorderly development, over-exploitation, and lack of supervision. In particular, some small hydropower stations have not been fully justified and rationally planned, or have not been built and operated according to plans, and have caused certain problems in the local ecological environment. influences.
Experts suggested that from the perspective of protecting the ecological environment and maintaining the healthy life of rivers, for small and medium-sized hydropower developments where some tributaries have little effect on increasing energy supply, in addition to areas where the power grid cannot extend, necessary small hydropower needs to be built to meet local needs. Electricity needs to be strictly controlled in the future.
However, judging from the outline of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, besides proposing the development of large-scale hydropower projects in key river basins, it also stressed the need to develop the hydropower resources of small and medium-sized rivers according to local conditions. It can be seen that the state still encourages and supports the development of small and medium-sized hydropower resources, but it is necessary to adapt measures to local conditions and adopt different methods to develop small and medium-sized hydropower based on actual conditions in different regions. Never blindly and unorderly excessive development.
As medium and small hydropower is generally built by local government or non-governmental investment, its environmental assessment standards are far less stringent than large-scale hydropower plants, and control rights are also in the hands of local governments. The construction of small and medium-sized hydropower will bring remarkable results to local economic development. Therefore, some local governments and investors only pay attention to immediate interests without long-term planning and blind investment in the construction of small and medium-sized hydropower stations. However, due to lack of understanding of the power industry, At the beginning of the construction, there was a lack of overall planning and scientific forecast. In addition to lack of management experience, some projects that were blindly launched became "hot potato" and caused a waste of resources.
At present, the five major power generation groups have established acquisitions of local small and medium-sized hydropower acquisition groups. After the acquisition, they will invest funds in them and carry out technical transformation and standard management of them, so as to effectively improve the overall quality and level of medium and small hydropower. Experts believe that the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†outline for developing water resources for small and medium-sized rivers according to local conditions is to strengthen the scientific planning and management of the development of small and medium-sized hydropower, formulate a scientific development plan, and determine the scientific development of large, medium and small hydropower. Scale and proportion to prevent the tendency of blind and free development of S&P and hydropower continue to spread.
Pumped-storage power station planning is a key pumped-storage power station as a new type of power supply in China's power supply structure. It started late and developed rapidly. As of the end of 2009, China has built a total of 24 pumped-storage power stations with an installed capacity of 15.633 million kilowatts, accounting for approximately 1.79% of the country's total installed capacity. The current scale of construction is 12.94 million kilowatts.
The “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†outlines that it is necessary to scientifically plan and build pumped-storage power stations. Experts said that pumped storage is an important adjustment tool for the power system, but it cannot increase the absolute supply of electricity in the power system. This determines that the installed capacity of pumped storage in the power system must be appropriate and the layout must be reasonable.
Considering safety, the priority is to place pumped-storage power in regions where there is a shortage of hydropower resources. The scale of supporting construction is appropriate for large-scale grid-connected power grids that undertake large-capacity power transmission tasks and large-scale grid-connected renewable energy sources in the Three North Regions. Pumped-storage power stations; From an economic point of view, pumped-storage power stations should be close to the peak-to-valley load center area, to facilitate system access, avoid long-distance transmission; from a clean and efficient point of view, combined with China's wind power and other renewable resources Situation and delivery plan, supporting the construction of an appropriate scale of pumped storage power stations.
In areas where new energy is more concentrated or is ready for large-scale development, pumped storage power stations will convert random, low-quality renewable energy into stable and high-quality peak-to-charge electricity, which will become a solution to wind power and solar energy. Intermittent renewable energy options. Pumped storage power stations have gradually become an indispensable part of the development of modern power systems and are effective measures to improve the safety, stable operation and economic efficiency of power grids.
The “Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Power Industry Development Research†report issued by CEC puts forward that the pumped-storage power station is integrated into the power system for overall optimization and planning, and at the same time, the overall optimization of power supply and unified planning are strengthened to reasonably determine the pumped-storage power station. The scale, layout and construction timing. In 2015, the installed capacity of pumped-storage power stations reached approximately 41 million kilowatts, but the huge construction cost of pumped-storage power stations and the long construction period is a complex system project that is both capital-intensive and technology-intensive. Experts suggest that the development planning of pumped-storage power stations is a special plan for the development plan of the power system, and should be formulated by the state in the same way as the grid and conventional energy sources according to the needs of the development of the power system. When planning, we must combine current and future power supply structure changes, grid level development, power supply and grid layout, load change characteristics, load demand growth, and other relevant factors to maintain the safe and stable operation of the power grid, improve power supply quality, and make reasonable use of resources as targets. Scientific and rational layout to ensure that pumped storage power stations achieve healthy, rapid and sustainable development.
The construction of large-scale hydropower stations in key river basins such as the Jinsha River, Yalong River, and Dadu River started construction of 120 million kilowatts of hydropower.
- The “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development is the last five years of stagnation and stagnation in the history of hydropower development.
In the next five years, has hydropower changed its momentum and emerged strongly? The “Twelfth Five-Year†Plan outlines a clear answer for us. In the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, hydropower will open up the fog and see the sky, and it will usher in five years of gold development.
In the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†of the main battlefield for hydropower development in Southwest China, the installed capacity of key hydropower stations listed in the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†is 74.021 million kilowatts, of which a large number of major hydropower projects have been planned in the southwest region. Due to the comprehensive consideration of ecological, safety, and resettlement issues in the hydropower development process, the country slowed down the pace of hydropower development. As of the end of 2009, the country only approved 30 million kilowatts, and the approved installed capacity accounted for only 27.1% of the total.
From the outline of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, we can see that the premise of hydropower development is to do a good job of ecological protection and resettlement; “proactive development†shows that the country’s determination and attitude in vigorously developing hydropower during the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€; and development The emphasis was again placed on the southwest region. Why does the country make a 180-degree turn in its attitude toward hydropower development? What impact will this development of hydropower have on such a large scale? Why does the Southwest become a key development area? From a strategic point of view, as China's pressure and responsibility for reducing CO2 emissions are increasing, the vigorous development of hydropower has become China's most important guarantee for fulfilling its emission reduction commitments and is a strategic choice for achieving sustainable economic and social development; From the point of view, as the nation’s power demand continues to grow rapidly and the power grid scale expands, the peak-to-valley difference in the power load is also increasing. The requirements for frequency regulation, peak regulation and valley filling are also increasing, and the advantages of hydropower are increasing. The more obvious. From the economic point of view, the economically developed eastern region urgently needs the support of the western hydropower resources, while the underdeveloped western region can effectively promote the development of its own economy through the development and utilization of hydropower. From this point of view, the advantages of hydropower development far outweigh the disadvantages.
As of 2010, China's hydropower installed capacity has exceeded 200 million kilowatts, accounting for more than 20% of the country's installed capacity. According to the plan, during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, 120 million kilowatts of hydropower projects will be started, and an average of 24 million kilowatts will be started each year. According to the construction period of large-scale hydropower plants for 5 years to 8 years, hydropower will effectively undertake the adjustment of China's energy structure. Responsibility to help China achieve its energy saving and emission reduction targets by 2020 and fulfill its emission reduction commitments.
According to statistics, the hydraulic resources in southwestern China account for about 67% of the national total. The installed capacity and annual power generation of river basins in the southwest region account for about 50% of the national technological development. So far, the overall development of hydropower resources in the southwest region has been completed. The degree is only 17%, the development of the Yalong River mainstream is less than 20%, and only one Jin'anqiao hydropower station in the mainstream of the Jinsha River is completed and put into production. At present, the hydropower plans for the middle reaches of the Jinsha River, the mid-lower reaches of the Yalong River, and the Dadu River have all been approved by the state or the relevant provincial government.
Experts said that while accelerating the development of resources such as the Jinsha River, Yalong River, and Dadu River, which will be enriched by the “West-to-East Electricity Transmission†strategic status hydropower base, the country will further improve the capacity of continuous rolling development in key river basins and maintain a reasonable scale. , continuous development and development by far and near, cascades. More importantly, we must continue to develop hydropower on the basis of protecting the ecological environment, insist on both hydropower development and environmental protection, and adhere to the people-oriented resettlement work.
The development of small and medium-sized hydropower projects must have a period of “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period. Although the development of large-scale hydropower projects has stagnated, the development of small and medium-sized hydropower projects has always been a tribute. The hydropower resources of small and medium-sized rivers have been effectively developed and utilized. According to the National Rural Water Resources Survey released by the Ministry of Water Resources in 2009, the technologically exploitable installed capacity of 100-50,000 MW small and medium-sized hydropower in China is 128 million kilowatts, and the annual power generation is 535 billion kilowatts. As of 2009, the installed capacity of medium and small hydropower accounts for about one-third of the installed hydropower capacity in the country, and it has become an important part of China's power structure.
In Yunnan, where the proportion of small and medium-sized hydropower development is relatively high, medium and small hydropower accounts for 65.6% of the province's installed hydropower capacity, covering more than 90% of the province's remote and poverty-stricken ethnic areas, and 70% of the rural population in the province uses electricity and 90% of electricity for agricultural production. . As an important supplement to large-scale hydropower, small and medium-sized hydropower has contributed to the local economic and social development in Yunnan, the protection of power supply, and support for the “West-East Power Transmissionâ€.
However, in recent years, some local small and medium-sized hydropower stations have experienced problems such as disorderly development, over-exploitation, and lack of supervision. In particular, some small hydropower stations have not been fully justified and rationally planned, or have not been built and operated according to plans, and have caused certain problems in the local ecological environment. influences.
Experts suggested that from the perspective of protecting the ecological environment and maintaining the healthy life of rivers, for small and medium-sized hydropower developments where some tributaries have little effect on increasing energy supply, in addition to areas where the power grid cannot extend, necessary small hydropower needs to be built to meet local needs. Electricity needs to be strictly controlled in the future.
However, judging from the outline of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, besides proposing the development of large-scale hydropower projects in key river basins, it also stressed the need to develop the hydropower resources of small and medium-sized rivers according to local conditions. It can be seen that the state still encourages and supports the development of small and medium-sized hydropower resources, but it is necessary to adapt measures to local conditions and adopt different methods to develop small and medium-sized hydropower based on actual conditions in different regions. Never blindly and unorderly excessive development.
As medium and small hydropower is generally built by local government or non-governmental investment, its environmental assessment standards are far less stringent than large-scale hydropower plants, and control rights are also in the hands of local governments. The construction of small and medium-sized hydropower will bring remarkable results to local economic development. Therefore, some local governments and investors only pay attention to immediate interests without long-term planning and blind investment in the construction of small and medium-sized hydropower stations. However, due to lack of understanding of the power industry, At the beginning of the construction, there was a lack of overall planning and scientific forecast. In addition to lack of management experience, some projects that were blindly launched became "hot potato" and caused a waste of resources.
At present, the five major power generation groups have established acquisitions of local small and medium-sized hydropower acquisition groups. After the acquisition, they will invest funds in them and carry out technical transformation and standard management of them, so as to effectively improve the overall quality and level of medium and small hydropower. Experts believe that the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†outline for developing water resources for small and medium-sized rivers according to local conditions is to strengthen the scientific planning and management of the development of small and medium-sized hydropower, formulate a scientific development plan, and determine the scientific development of large, medium and small hydropower. Scale and proportion to prevent the tendency of blind and free development of S&P and hydropower continue to spread.
Pumped-storage power station planning is a key pumped-storage power station as a new type of power supply in China's power supply structure. It started late and developed rapidly. As of the end of 2009, China has built a total of 24 pumped-storage power stations with an installed capacity of 15.633 million kilowatts, accounting for approximately 1.79% of the country's total installed capacity. The current scale of construction is 12.94 million kilowatts.
The “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†outlines that it is necessary to scientifically plan and build pumped-storage power stations. Experts said that pumped storage is an important adjustment tool for the power system, but it cannot increase the absolute supply of electricity in the power system. This determines that the installed capacity of pumped storage in the power system must be appropriate and the layout must be reasonable.
Considering safety, the priority is to place pumped-storage power in regions where there is a shortage of hydropower resources. The scale of supporting construction is appropriate for large-scale grid-connected power grids that undertake large-capacity power transmission tasks and large-scale grid-connected renewable energy sources in the Three North Regions. Pumped-storage power stations; From an economic point of view, pumped-storage power stations should be close to the peak-to-valley load center area, to facilitate system access, avoid long-distance transmission; from a clean and efficient point of view, combined with China's wind power and other renewable resources Situation and delivery plan, supporting the construction of an appropriate scale of pumped storage power stations.
In areas where new energy is more concentrated or is ready for large-scale development, pumped storage power stations will convert random, low-quality renewable energy into stable and high-quality peak-to-charge electricity, which will become a solution to wind power and solar energy. Intermittent renewable energy options. Pumped storage power stations have gradually become an indispensable part of the development of modern power systems and are effective measures to improve the safety, stable operation and economic efficiency of power grids.
The “Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Power Industry Development Research†report issued by CEC puts forward that the pumped-storage power station is integrated into the power system for overall optimization and planning, and at the same time, the overall optimization of power supply and unified planning are strengthened to reasonably determine the pumped-storage power station. The scale, layout and construction timing. In 2015, the installed capacity of pumped-storage power stations reached approximately 41 million kilowatts, but the huge construction cost of pumped-storage power stations and the long construction period is a complex system project that is both capital-intensive and technology-intensive. Experts suggest that the development planning of pumped-storage power stations is a special plan for the development plan of the power system, and should be formulated by the state in the same way as the grid and conventional energy sources according to the needs of the development of the power system. When planning, we must combine current and future power supply structure changes, grid level development, power supply and grid layout, load change characteristics, load demand growth, and other relevant factors to maintain the safe and stable operation of the power grid, improve power supply quality, and make reasonable use of resources as targets. Scientific and rational layout to ensure that pumped storage power stations achieve healthy, rapid and sustainable development.
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