First, wheat
(1) Irrigation winter wheat area in the North China Plain. Including Shandong and Tianjin, south-central Hebei, north-central Henan, Shaanxi Guanzhong Plain, southwestern Shanxi.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the growth of seedlings and the occurrence of frost damage in winter and spring, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in stages, and the proportion of application in the middle and late stages of jointing should be increased appropriately; the amount of topdressing should be scientifically determined according to the amount of base (basic) fertilizer application, seedling condition, temperature and soil fertility. Time; due to the ground, due to seedlings, and time to topdress.
(2) According to the soil moisture and water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, the irrigation amount and time should be reasonably determined to achieve the integration of water and fertilizer management.
(3) Grasping the favorable opportunity for wheat to return to green and jointing, timely adopting measures to promote and control, promote the transformation of weak seedlings, increase the rate of ear formation; control the long field of the field, and prevent the late fall of the past.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is less than 450,000. The three types of wheat fields with lighter leaf color and poor growth should be managed in time for fertilizer and water. Spring topdressing can be carried out twice. For the first time in the greening period, 5-8 kg of urea was applied per acre with watering; the second time in the jointing stage, 5-10 kg of urea was applied per acre with watering.
(2) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is between 45,000 and 600,000, and the second group of wheat fields with a small population is 10-15 kg of urea per acre combined with watering in the wheat body.
(3) Before the greening, the total number of stems per acre is between 60,000 and 800,000. A suitable group of wheat fields can be combined with watering for 12-15 kg per mu in the jointing stage.
(4) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is more than 800,000, the color of leaves is dark green, and there is a tendency to grow. The cultivating should be carried out during the regreening period, delaying the application of nitrogen fertilizer and reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, controlling the population and preventing lodging. It is late with greed. Generally, 8-10 kg of urea can be applied per mu in the late stage of jointing.
(5) Wheat subjected to freezing injury during winter or regreening period should be topdressed and watered according to the occurrence of freezing damage. For severe frost damage, 5-10 kg of urea should be applied per acre and watering should be carried out to promote wheat early tillering and increase tillering rate. Reduce the loss of frost damage.
(6) It is recommended to apply nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer to the bottom fertilizer without applying phosphate fertilizer or phosphorus deficiency field. The application of potassium fertilizer is not applied or applied at the greening or jointing stage; there is no irrigation condition or no effective precipitation. Spraying urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the spring foliage to play the role of fertilizer.
(7) Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer can be sprayed on the foliar surface of wheat during grain filling stage to prevent dry hot air and lodging, increase grouting intensity and increase grain weight.
(8) In the wheat field in the sulfur-deficient area, if the base fertilizer is not applied with superphosphate, potassium sulfate or sulfur-based compound fertilizer, the ammonium sulfate should be applied in the first top dressing, and the amount of sulfur applied per mu is about 2 kg.
(9) Due to the fact that some farmers have not smashed the ground after the rotary tillage, the sows that have been sowed deep and soaked in the deep sowing, the tillers are few, and the seedlings are weak, it is recommended to apply 10-15 kg of urea during the returning period.
(2) North China rain-fed winter wheat area. Including Jiangsu and Anhui provinces north of the Huaihe River, southeastern Henan.
Fertilization principle
(1) In response to grievances in different places, the combination of repression and ploughing before the wheat is returned to green, to maintain soil moisture, increase ground temperature to promote the transformation of seedlings, and improve the drought resistance of wheat.
(2) Fertilization of wheat should be stratified, repeated, and small amount, that is, combined with meteorology, and a small amount of cover should be applied before and after precipitation, and the fertilizer should not be exposed to the air after fertilization.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) In the early spring, the soil is green or rain, and it is applied with chemical fertilizer or ditching strips. 5-7 kg of urea is applied per acre. After fertilization, the soil is covered. If the rain occurs in the middle and late stages, urea can be applied 5-8 per mu. kg. In the phosphate-deficient field, 7-10 kg of diammonium phosphate is used per mu, and the potassium-deficient plot is applied with 15-20 kg of nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, which is covered after fertilization.
(2) In order to prevent the late drought, the soil should be repressed at the appropriate time before the soil is thawed and returned to the green, and the soil is removed, the soil is soiled, and the soil is protected. The suppression should be combined with the ploughing of the ploughing. Before the wheat is sealed, wheat or corn stalks are covered with each acre to reduce the evaporation loss of soil moisture.
(3) If the number of stems is more than 800,000 years ago, the total number of stems is more than 800,000. Due to the excessive consumption of large nutrients in the wheat population, the spring wheat seedlings are yellow or the yellowing of the gaskets, and the topdressing can be carried out 2-3 times during the greening period. , 10 kg/time of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per acre.
(4) The wheat population is too small during the wintering period (before the greening, the total number of stems per acre is less than 450,000, and the three types of wheat fields with lighter leaf color and poor growth) should be managed in time to return to the jointing period. Topdressing is carried out 2-3 times, followed by rainfall of 5-8 kg/time of urea per acre.
(5) It is necessary to combine the pest control, “one spray three prevention†and other means to supplement the trace elements such as sulfur, zinc and boron, and spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to play the role of fertilizer.
(3) Winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Including Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shanghai, south of Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces south of the Huaihe River.
Fertilization principle
(1) Respiratory or slashing should be carried out before the wheat is returned to the green, and the cold and anti-freeze should be promoted to promote the transformation of the seedlings and enhance the ability of the wheat to resist drought and cold.
(2) According to the soil fertility, the application of base fertilizer, the seedling condition and the soil moisture, the amount of topdressing and irrigation is determined scientifically, and the soil is fertilized by seedlings.
(3) The combination of fertilizer and water management with drought and flood control and pest control.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Pay close attention to the weather conditions and seedlings before the jointing of wheat, especially the rainfall. If the drought persists, the weather will pick up in early spring, the soil evaporation will increase, and the wheat seedlings will need water early when it needs water. It is necessary to pay attention to temperature changes and master the amount and time of irrigation.
(2) Comprehensive judgment based on winter frost damage and group situation. If there are more large-scale frozen deaths or serious shortages of the group, the irrigation should be combined as soon as possible, and the green fertilizer should be applied to promote the large-scale springs and ensure the number of panicles.
(3) The production level is below 300 kg/mu, from the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and urea, 6-8 kg/mu; the production level is 300-400 kg/mu, and the jointing period to the jointing stage combined with irrigation and urea 8-11 Kg/mu and potassium chloride 1-3 kg/mu; production level 400-550 kg/mu, from the period of the body to the jointing stage combined with irrigation and urea, 11-16 kg/mu and potassium chloride 3-5 kg/mu; The production level is 550 kg/mu or more. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation, the urea is applied at 17-20 kg/mu and the potassium chloride is 3-5 kg/mu.
(4) In some areas where trace elements are scarce, it is recommended to combine the "one spray three prevention", combined with the control of pests and diseases (aphids and scab), spraying micro-element leaves at the jointing stage, booting stage and filling stage of wheat. Fertilization; and in the wheat filling period, 150-200 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.5-1 kg of urea and 50 kg of water were used for foliar application.
(4) Rainy and dry farming in the northwestern winter wheat area. Including northern Hebei, southern Wulanchabu, Inner Mongolia, most of Shanxi, northwestern Shaanxi, western Henan, northern Ningxia, eastern Gansu.
Fertilization principle
(1) There was a big difference in precipitation before and after wheat planting in the past year. In this spring, the local precipitation and soil moisture should be used to suppress or slash before the wheat is greened, to promote mites, to promote the transformation of seedlings, and to enhance the ability of wheat to resist drought and cold. , cold, anti-freeze, anti-spring drought.
(2) For the situation of the seedlings, seize the opportunity, carry out early spring topping and topdressing, combined with precipitation and topdressing or chemical regulation, and promote the combination of control to ensure stable production and increase production of dryland wheat.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) In order to prevent post-rain drought, dryland wheat should adopt effective water conservation measures in time to prevent and reduce the loss of soil moisture before the early spring wheat closure. Relieve or slash at the right time before the soil is thawed and returned to green, remove the dirt, solidify the soil, and provide protection. For the dry land that has been overwintered, the water is removed early before thawing and greening, and the knot is removed to eliminate cracks. Before the wheat is sealed, 200-300 kg of wheat or corn stalks per acre can be covered between rows to reduce the evaporation loss of soil moisture.
(2) In the field where the fertilizer is insufficiently invested, it is necessary to grasp the timing of the rain and timely carry out the wheat early spring topdressing. The nitrogen-deficient field uses 5-7 kg of urea per acre, and the phosphate-poor field uses 7-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre, which is applied to the soil by a fertilizer applicator (耧). Dry land with irrigation conditions, combined with spring irrigation, 6-8 kg of urea per acre of nitrogen-deficient fields, and 8-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre of phosphate-poor field.
(3) Before the sowing, the sensation is good or the sowing is early, and the fertilization amount is high. In dry land without irrigation conditions, it is necessary to suppress the plan and protect the land as soon as possible. In the dry land where the winter water is poured, the water should be drained early and the spring watering should be postponed until the late jointing stage.
(4) Fields with late sowing and weak seedlings should be combined with Baoyu as soon as possible to improve the ground temperature and promote the growth of weak seedlings.
(5) Northwestern irrigation spring wheat area. It is mainly based on spring wheat, including central Inner Mongolia, northern Ningxia, central and western Gansu, eastern Qinghai and Xinjiang.
Fertilization principle
(1) Determine the target yield according to soil fertility, reduce the input of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, supplement the potassium fertilizer, and supplement the micro-fertilizer.
(2) Adding organic fertilizer, the whole amount of straw will return to the field to fertilize the soil, and promote the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers.
(3) "Nitrate, phosphorus and potassium, early application of base fertilizer, skillful application of topdressing". Strictly control the application of base fertilizer and sowing quality to ensure that the seedlings and seedlings are complete. Appropriate topdressing, to prevent wheat from overwhelming in the early stage, and later to reduce fertilizer and reduce production.
(4) Topdressing should be effectively combined with irrigation. The use of water and fertilizer integration or topdressing before irrigation, spraying the zinc fertilizer and other micro-fertilizers at the booting stage.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-18-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 300-400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20-25 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation, the urea is applied 10-15 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 400-550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30-35 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, the urea is applied 15-20 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is 550 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35-40 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and surging urea 15-20 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 300 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 15-20 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, the urea is applied 5-10 kg/mu.
Second, rice
(1) Single-season rice area in the northeast cold region. Including all of Heilongjiang and some counties in Inner Mongolia Hulunbeier.
1. Fertilization management principles
(1) According to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is appropriately reduced, and the amount of potassium fertilizer is optimized.
(2) Reduce the amount and proportion of base fertilizer and nitrogen, increase the proportion of panicle fertilizer, and make the ratio of ear fertilizer to nitrogen at jointing stage reach about 30%.
(3) Early application of green fertilizer to promote early onset of sputum, and return to green fertilizer within 3 days after transplanting.
(4) Appropriate supplementation of trace elements according to the micronutrient nutrient status in the soil.
(5) Calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer should be applied to the acidic site, and the compound fertilizer or compound fertilizer with lower pH value should be used for the base fertilizer of the alkaline-alkali plot. Use less or no urea for top dressing, and ammonium sulfate can be used as top dressing.
(6) After applying the base fertilizer, the rotary tillage is carried out to achieve full-layer fertilization; the water-saving irrigation technique is adopted, and the field is applied for about 3 days before fertilization, and the fertilization takes water with nitrogen; in the conditional areas, the lateral deep fertilization and transplanting can be integrated.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 13-19-13 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 450-550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 18-23 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 5-7 and 3 kg/mu, respectively.
(3) The production level is 550 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 23-29 kg/mu. The fertilizer is applied to the fertilizer and the grain fertilizer is 7-8, 3-4 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride. - 3 kg / mu.
(4) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 14-18 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 4-5, 2-3 kg/mu.
(2) Northeast single-season rice area. It includes all of Jilin and Liaoning provinces, as well as some counties in Chifeng, Tongliao and Xing'an League in Inner Mongolia.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil fertilization formula and the fertilizer characteristics of the variety, determine the reasonable fertilizer amount of the plot.
(2) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, rationally allocate the period of nitrogen fertilizer application, and appropriately increase the proportion of panicle fertilizer.
(3) Rational application of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and appropriate supplementation of medium and trace element fertilizers.
(4) Based on increasing the amount of organic fertilizer applied, appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the later period.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 15-16-14 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 500-600 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24-28 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 8-9, 4-5 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 600 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 28-33 kg/mu. The fertilizer and the ear grain fertilizer are respectively applied with urea 9-11 and 5 kg/mu, and the spike fertilizer is applied with potassium chloride 1-3. Kg/mu.
(4) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 19-24 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 6-8 and 3-4 kg/mu, respectively. Zinc-deficient or cold-impregnated field-based zinc sulphate 1-2 kg / mu, silicon fertilizer 15-20 kg / mu.
(3) Single-season rice area on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Including western Hubei, eastern Sichuan, Chongqing, southwestern Shaanxi, northern Guizhou.
Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer and promote the combination of organic and inorganic.
(2) According to the soil fertility situation, adjust the proportion of base fertilizer and top dressing appropriately.
(3) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(4) Appropriately reduce the amount of phosphorus fertilizer in rice in oil rice field.
(5) Select medium and low concentration phosphate fertilizer, such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and calcium, etc., potassium fertilizer to choose potassium chloride.
(6) Fields with a soil pH of 5.5 or less are suitably applied with a silicon-containing alkaline fertilizer or a base applied lime.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 6-8 kg/mu; the production level is 450-550 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 8-10 kg/mu; the production level is 550-650 kg. / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 10-12 kg / mu; production level 650 kg / mu or more, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 12-14 kg / mu. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4-6 kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 5-8 kg / mu (the amount of potassium fertilizer in the middle and upper fertility field of straw returning field 4-7 kg / mu).
(2) Nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer accounts for 50%-60%, manure fertilizer accounts for 20%-30%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%-30%; organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer all base application; potassium fertilizer base fertilizer (50%-60%) and Spike fertilizer (40%-50%) was applied twice.
(3) In the zinc-deficient and boron-deficient areas, apply appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer; apply 30-50 kg of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime per acre in the soil with strong acidity.
(4) Single and double-season rice areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Including the central and eastern Hubei, northeastern Hunan, northwestern Jiangxi, and Anhui.
Fertilization principle
(1) Appropriately reduce the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and increase the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer and panicle fertilizer.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer is preferred for calcium or calcium magnesium phosphate, and potassium for potassium.
(4) Add organic fertilizer and promote straw returning.
(5) Cooperate with zinc fertilizer and silicon fertilizer.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 350 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 6-7 kg/mu; the production level is 350-450 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 7-8 kg/mu; the production level is 450-550 kg. / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 8-10 kg / mu; production level 550 kg / mu or more, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 10-12 kg / mu. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4-7 kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 4-8 kg / mu.
(2) 50%-60% of nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer, 20%-25% as manure, 20%-25% as panicle fertilizer; all phosphate fertilizers as base fertilizer; 50%-60% of potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer, 40%-50% as Spike fertilizer; in the zinc-deficient area, the appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer (zinc sulfate) 1 kg / mu; appropriate base application of silicon fertilizer; organic fertilizer base application.
(3) The amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced by applying organic fertilizer or planting green manure, and the amount of potassium fertilizer can be reduced by about 30% in the land where straw is returned to the field.
(5) Single-season rice area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Including all of Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang.
Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer and combine organic and inorganic.
(2) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the proportion of base fertilizer and top dressing, and appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in base fertilizer.
(3) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(4) Oil (wheat) rice wheel cropping field, appropriate reduction of rice phosphate fertilizer dosage, potassium fertilizer selection of potassium chloride.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 8-10 kg/mu, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 2-3 kg/mu; the potassium fertilizer (K2O) 3-4 kg/mu; the production level is 500-600. Kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 10-12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3-4 kg/mu; potassium fertilizer (K2O) 4-5 kg/mu; production level 600 kg/mu or more, nitrogen fertilizer (N) The dosage is 12-18 kg/mu. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-6 kg / mu; potassium fertilizer (K2O) 6-8 kg / mu, zinc fertilizer (zinc sulfate) 1-2 kg / mu.
(2) Nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer accounts for 40%-50%, manure fertilizer accounts for 20%-30%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%-30%; organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer all base application; potassium fertilizer base fertilizer (50%-60%) And panicle fertilizer (40%-50%) applied twice; zinc-deficient soil applied 1-2 kg of zinc sulfate per acre; suitable base application of silicon fertilizer.
(3) The amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced by applying organic fertilizer or planting green manure.
(6) Single and double-season rice areas in the hilly mountains of the south of the Yangtze River. Including south central Hunan, southeastern Jiangxi, southern Zhejiang, north central Fujian, northern Guangdong.
Fertilization principle
(1) Determine the target yield according to soil fertility, control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, balance application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and combine organic and inorganic.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer preferentially choose calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or calcium.
(4) Appropriate application of soil amendments or based limes to acidic soils.
(5) Pay attention to the rational application of zinc fertilizer in areas with zinc deficiency.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Under the condition of about 500 kg per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10-13 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3-4 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8-10 kg/mu.
(2) Nitrogen application in divided applications, base fertilizer accounts for 35%-50%, tiller fertilizer accounts for 25%-35%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%-30%, tiller fertilizer is appropriately postponed; all phosphate fertilizers are applied; potassium fertilizer is 50% as base fertilizer 50% as the ear fertilizer.
(3) It is recommended to return the straw to the field or increase the application of organic fertilizer. For the plots where the straw is returned to the field, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be reduced by 30%; for the field with organic fertilizer, the amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced.
(4) On the soil with strong acidity, 40-50 kg/mu of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime should be applied during the preparation of the soil.
(5) Appropriate application of zinc fertilizer in zinc-deficient areas.
(7) The double-season early rice in the hills of the South China Plain. Including southwestern Guangxi, southern Guangdong, Hainan and southeastern Fujian.
Fertilization principle
(1) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the base and the proportion of chasing, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, and implement the shift of nitrogen fertilizer.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer preferentially choose calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or calcium.
(4) Fields with a soil pH of 5.5 or less are suitably applied with a silicon-containing alkaline fertilizer or a base applied lime.
(5) Zinc deficiency field, submerged rice paddy field and low temperature and widowed area supplemented with trace element zinc fertilizer.
(6) Organic and inorganic compound application, promoting straw returning to the field.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 18-12-16 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The yield per mu is 350-450 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 26-33 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 13-20 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are respectively applied 5-8 kg/mu, 3-5 kg/ mu.
(3) The per mu production level is 450-550 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33-41 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 17-24 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and the ear grain fertilizer are respectively applied 7-10 kg/mu, 4-7 kg/ mu.
(4) The yield per mu is more than 550 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 41-48 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 22-29 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are respectively applied for 8-11 kg/mu, 5-8 kg/mu. .
(5) The yield per mu is below 350 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20-25 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 11-14 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are respectively applied 4-6 kg/mu, 3-5 kg/mu. .
(8) Single-season rice area in the southwest plateau mountains. Including all of Yunnan, southwestern Sichuan, most of Guizhou, western Hunan, and northwestern Guangxi.
Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer, implement straw returning, and combine organic and inorganic.
(2) Adjust the ratio of base fertilizer to top dressing and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the previous period.
(3) Phosphorus-deficient soil should be properly applied to increase the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers.
(4) Rice fields with low potassium supply capacity, pay attention to potassium supplementation in the late growth stage of rice.
(5) In the field where the soil pH is below 5.5, an alkaline soil conditioner containing silicon-calcium or a base-based quicklime is suitably applied.
(6) Fertilizer application combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-13-15 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 400-500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 26-33 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 6-6, 4-5 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 500-600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33-39 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is divided into 5-8, 5-6 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride. 1-2 kg / mu.
(4) The production level is 600 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 39-46 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 8-10, 6-7 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride. - 4 kg / mu.
(5) The production level is below 400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20-26 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 4-6 and 3-4 kg/mu, respectively.
(6) In the zinc-deficient area, apply 1-2 kg of zinc sulphate per acre; apply 30-50 kg of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime per acre of the field with lower soil pH.
Third, spring corn
(1) The cold spring corn area in the northeast. Most of Heilongjiang and eastern Jilin.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil fertilization results, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(2) Nitrogen application in different stages, and high-yield fields should increase the proportion of potassium fertilizer application.
(3) According to the combination of climate and soil fertility conditions, agricultural machinery and agronomy, the combination of seed fertilizer and base fertilizer.
(4) Add organic fertilizer, promote the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and return the amount of straw to the field.
(5) Pay attention to the application of trace elements in sulfur and zinc, and increase the application of alkaline fertilizers in acidified soil.
(6) It is recommended that intercropping, intercropping or cropping of corn and soybeans, while reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer application, and adding organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 14-18-13 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 500-600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 23-28 kg/mu, and the urea application period is 11-13 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 600-700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 28-32 kg/mu, and the urea in the seven-leaf stage is 13-16 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 32-37 kg/mu, and the application of urea in the seven-leaf stage is 16-18 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 18-23 kg/mu, and the urea application period is 9-11 kg/mu.
(2) The semi-humid spring corn area in the northeast. Southwest of Heilongjiang, central Jilin and northern Liaoning.
Fertilization principle
(1) Control the application amount of NPK fertilizer, apply nitrogen fertilizer in different times, appropriately reduce the amount of base fertilizer, and make full use of the effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(2) For the one-time fertilization plot, choose slow-release fertilizer, and appropriately increase the application of diammonium phosphate as seed fertilizer.
(3) Plots with high effective potassium content and low yield levels may be applied with or without potassium fertilizer when organic fertilizer is applied.
(4) The long-term application of chlorine-based compound fertilizer should be changed to sulfur-based compound fertilizer or sulfur-containing fertilizer.
(5) Increase the amount of organic fertilizer applied and increase the intensity of straw returning.
(6) Promote the application of high-yield and high-dense varieties and increase the planting density of corn reasonably.
(7) The no-stalk returning field can use the deep pine to break the bottom layer of the plow, promote root development and improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization.
(8) Covering the planting area, it may be considered to use slow-release fertilizers to reduce the number of top dressings when applying bottom (base) fertilizer.
(9) The lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme for medium and high fertility soil.
2. Base chasing combined fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 15-18-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 550-700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24-31 kg/mu, and the large flare period is 13-16 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 700-800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 31-35 kg/mu, and the large-flare period is about 16-18 kg/mu.
(4) The output level is 800 kg/mu or more, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35-40 kg/mu, and the large flare period is 18-21 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 550 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20-24 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 10-13 kg/mu.
3. One-time fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 29-13-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 550-700 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33-41 kg/mu, which is applied as a base fertilizer or a seed season.
(3) The production level is 700-800 kg/mu, requiring 30% release period of 50-60 days of slow-release nitrogen release, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 41-47 kg/mu, as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing .
(4) The production level of 800 kg/mu or more requires a 30% release period of 50-60 days of slow-release nitrogen release, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 47-53 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing.
(5) The production level is below 550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 27-33 kg/mu, which is applied as a base fertilizer or a seed season.
(3) Semi-arid spring maize area in Northeast China. Including western Jilin, northeastern Inner Mongolia, and southwestern Heilongjiang.
Fertilization principle
(1) Using organic and inorganic fertilizer combined with fertilization technology, the straw-covered no-tillage fertilization technology can be adopted in the aeolian sandy soil area.
(2) Deep application of nitrogen fertilizer, the depth of fertilization should reach 8-10 cm; divided fertilization, advocated the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the big horn period.
(3) Give full play to the coupling of water and fertilizer, use the synchronous law of maximum efficiency of corn for water and fertilizer demand, and apply nitrogen fertilizer combined with hydration.
(4) Master the principle of balanced fertilization, the proportion of NPK should be coordinated, and the zinc-deficient plot should pay attention to the application of zinc fertilizer.
(5) According to the soil characteristics of the region, physiological acid fertilizer should be used, and the fertilizer should be monoammonium phosphate.
(6) The lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme for medium and high fertility soil.
(7) Drip irrigation under film, it may be considered to use slow-release fertilizer in the application of bottom (base) fertilizer to reduce the number of drip irrigation.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 13-20-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 450-600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 25-33 kg/mu, and the large-flare period is about 10-14 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is above 600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33-38 kg/mu, and the urea is applied at 14-16 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 19-25 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 8-10 kg/mu.
(4) Warm and humid spring corn area in the northeast. Including most of Liaoning and northeastern Hebei.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil fertilization results, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(2) Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied in divided doses. Try not to use one-time fertilization, and increase the proportion and frequency of potash application in high-yield fields.
(3) Increase the intensity of straw returning to the field and increase the proportion of organic fertilizer applied.
(4) Pay attention to the application of trace elements in sulfur, zinc and the like.
(5) Fertilizer application must be combined with high-yield cultivation techniques such as deep pine and densification.
(6) The lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme for medium and high fertility soil.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-17-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20-24 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 11-14 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 500-600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24-29 kg/mu, and the large-flare period is about 14-16 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is 600-700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 29-34 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 16-19 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is above 700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 34-39 kg/mu, and the urea is applied at 19-22 kg/mu.
Fourth, the potato
(1) The northern potato area. Including Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil test results and target yield, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(2) Reduce the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application, increase the number of nitrogen fertilizer application, and strengthen the supply of nitrogen fertilizer during tuber formation and tuber expansion.
(3) According to the content of trace element nutrients in the soil, the amount of trace element fertilizer in the leaf surface of the potato during the vigorous growth period.
(4) Add organic fertilizer and promote the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers.
(5) Fertilizer application should be combined with pest control techniques, especially the prevention and treatment of diseases.
(6) Adopting the pipe irrigation mode such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, try to implement water and fertilizer integration.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) It is recommended that 11-18-16 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula be used as seed fertilizer, and urea and potassium sulfate (or nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer) as top dressing.
(2) The production level is more than 3000 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (fertilizer) is 60 kg/mu, and the application period of the seedling to the tuber expansion period is 18-20 kg/mu, and the potassium sulfate is 12-15 kg/mu. .
(3) The production level is 2000-3000 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (fertilizer) is 50 kg/mu, and the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period is applied with 15-18 kg/mu of urea and 8-12 kg of potassium sulfate. mu.
(4) The production level is 1000-2000 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (fertilizer) is 40 kg/mu. The seedling stage is 10-15 kg/mu of urea and 5-8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate.
(5) The production level is below 1000 kg/mu. It is recommended to apply 19-10-16 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula fertilizer 35-40 kg/mu, and apply once at the time of sowing.
(2) The southern spring is used as a potato area. Including Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing and other places.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil test results and target yield, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; optimize the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer according to soil fertility conditions.
(2) Add organic fertilizer, promote the application of organic and inorganic; avoid using organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed.
(3) According to the soil potassium condition, appropriate application of potassium fertilizer.
(4) Fertilizer distribution is based on base and chasing, and topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen and potassium.
(5) According to the content of trace element nutrients in the soil, the amount of trace element fertilizer in the leaf surface of the potato during the vigorous growth period.
(6) Fertilizer application should be combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques, especially attention to disease prevention and control.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) It is recommended that 13-15-17 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula be used as base fertilizer, urea and potassium sulfate (or nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer) as top dressing; or 15-10-20 (N-P2O5-K2O) ) or similar formula to do topdressing.
(2) The production level is 3000 kg/mu or more: the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (base fertilizer) is 60 kg/mu; the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period is 10-15 kg/mu of urea and 10-15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate. Or apply formula fertilizer (15-10-20) 20-25 kg / mu.
(3) The production level is 2000-3000 kg/mu: the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (base fertilizer) is 50 kg/mu; the seedling period to the tuber expansion period is 5-10 kg/mu, and the potassium sulfate is 8-12 kg/mu. , or apply formula fertilizer (15-10-20) 15-20 kg / mu.
(4) The production level is 1500-2000 kg/mu: the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (base fertilizer) is 40 kg/mu; the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period is applied 5-10 kg/mu urea, potassium sulfate 5-10 kg/mu , or apply formula fertilizer (15-10-20) 10-15 kg / mu.
(5) The production level is below 1500 kg/mu: the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (base fertilizer) is recommended to be 40 kg/mu; the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period is to apply urea 3-5 kg/mu, potassium sulfate 4-5 kg/ Mu, or topdressing formula fertilizer (15-10-20) 10 kg / mu.
(6) Apply 2-3 square organic fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer; if organic fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer as appropriate.
(7) For soils deficient in boron or zinc, 1 kg/mu of borax or 1-2 kg/mu of zinc sulfate may be applied.
Five, rapeseed
(1) Winter rapeseed area in the Yangtze River Basin
Fertilization principle
(1) Due to the heavy rain in the autumn of 2018, the winter rapeseed cultivation period was delayed in most areas, and drought and low temperature were encountered after planting. The growth period of winter rape was generally delayed by about one week compared with previous years, and the proportion of weak seedlings was larger. At present, the winter rapeseed in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has entered the middle flowering stage, the winter rapeseed in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River has entered the early flowering stage, and the winter rapeseed in the three-crop winter system has entered the full flowering stage. It should be classified according to the soil nutrient status, current seedling condition and target yield level in different planting areas, and scientific fertilization. .
(2) In the case that the rapeseed has been closed, pay attention to water and fertilizer when topdressing.
(3) Strengthen field management, timely clear the ditch to prevent spring waterlogging, and improve nutrient utilization efficiency.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) In the case where the amount of base fertilizer is insufficient and the winter wax fertilizer should not be applied, especially for the live rapeseed which is weak in growth, and the quick-acting fertilizer is added as early as possible, the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, and the water-soluble compound fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer can be appropriately applied. (N) dosage 2-3 kg / mu, phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) dosage 0.5-1 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) dosage 1-2 kg / mu.
(2) For plots with insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the pod-forming stage, and generally spray 0.3-0.5 kg/mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the foliar surface to prevent premature senescence of rapeseed.
(3) According to the soil effective boron condition, supplement the boron fertilizer, pay attention to the use of qualified boron fertilizer, can be combined with the prevention and treatment of sclerotium disease for fertilizer spraying, generally foliar spray borax 0.2 kg / mu, the concentration of about 0.2%.
(4) In the acid soil area and high-yield area, magnesium deficiency occurs in recent years. It can be combined with the prevention and control of sclerotium disease during the flowering period. Generally, spraying magnesium sulfate 0.5-1.0 kg/mu, concentration 1-2 % can also be sprayed during the pod filling period.
(2) Northern Spring Rape District
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the regional soil nutrient status, make full use of the results of soil testing and formula fertilization technology, and scientific fertilization. The conditional area advocates the application of special formula fertilizer for spring rapeseed.
(2) The base fertilizer is applied to the soil 6-8 cm below.
(3) Replenishing boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and sulfur fertilizer.
(4) Add organic fertilizer and use the hydrothermal resources after rapeseed to grow green manure.
(5) Improve the quality of sowing and increase the planting density appropriately.
(6) Do a good job in soil collection and conservation, and use water and fertilizer synergy to improve nutrient use efficiency and promote rape growth.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 100 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 6 kg/mu; phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3 kg/mu; potassium fertilizer (K2O) 2 kg/mu; zinc sulfate 0.5 kg/mu; borax 0.5 kg/ mu.
(2) Production level 100-150 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 6-8 kg/mu; phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 kg/mu; potassium fertilizer (K2O) 2.5 kg/mu; zinc sulfate 1 kg/mu; borax 0.5 Kg/mu.
（3）产é‡æ°´å¹³150-200公斤/亩以上：氮肥（N）8-9公斤/亩；磷肥（P2O5）5公斤/亩；钾肥（K2O）2.5公斤/亩；硫酸锌1.5公斤/äº©ï¼›ç¡¼ç ‚0.75公斤/亩。
（4）产é‡æ°´å¹³200公斤/亩以上：氮肥（N）9-11公斤/亩；磷肥（P2O5）5-6公斤/亩；钾肥（K2O）3.0公斤/亩；硫酸锌1.5公斤/äº©ï¼›ç¡¼ç ‚1.0公斤/亩。
（5）有æ¡ä»¶çš„区域，推è施用28-14-8（N-P2O5-K2O）或相近é…方的春油èœä¸“ç”¨è‚¥ï¼ˆåŠ ç¡¼å’Œé”Œï¼‰ï¼ŒæŽ¨è用é‡ä¸º20-30公斤/äº©ï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬ä¸€æ¬¡æ€§åŸºæ–½ã€‚æ ¹æ®è‹—情å¯åœ¨è‹”æœŸè¿½æ–½å°¿ç´ 2-5公斤/亩。
å…ã€åŒ—方大豆
1.施肥原则
（1ï¼‰æ ¹æ®æµ‹åœŸç»“果，控制氮肥用é‡ã€é€‚当å‡å°‘磷肥施用比例，对于高产大豆，å¯é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ é’¾è‚¥æ–½è‚¥é‡ï¼Œå¹¶æå€¡æ–½ç”¨æ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚。
（2）在å酸性土壤上，建议选择生ç†ç¢±æ€§è‚¥æ–™æˆ–生ç†ä¸æ€§è‚¥æ–™ï¼Œç£·è‚¥é€‰æ‹©é’™é•ç£·è‚¥ï¼Œé’™è‚¥é€‰æ‹©çŸ³ç°ã€‚
（3）æ倡侧深施肥，施肥ä½ç½®åœ¨ç§å侧方5-7厘米，ç§å下方5-8厘米；如åšä¸åˆ°ä¾§æ·±æ–½è‚¥å¯é‡‡ç”¨åˆ†å±‚施肥，施肥深度在ç§å下方3-4厘米å 1/3，6-8厘米å 2/3；难以åšåˆ°åˆ†å±‚施肥时，在北部高寒有机质å«é‡é«˜çš„地å—采å–侧施肥，其它地区采å–深施肥，尤其磷肥è¦é›†ä¸æ·±æ–½åˆ°ç§å下方10厘米。
（4）补施硼肥和钼肥，在缺ä¹ç—‡çŠ¶è¾ƒè½»åœ°åŒºï¼Œé’¼è‚¥å¯é‡‡å–æ‹Œç§çš„æ–¹å¼ï¼Œæœ€å¥½å’Œæ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚æ··åˆæ‹Œç§ï¼Œæ高接瘤效率。
（5）在“镰刀弯â€ç§æ¤åŒºåŸŸå’ŒçŽ‰ç±³æ”¹ç§å¤§è±†åŒºåŸŸï¼Œè¦å¤§å¹…å‡å°‘氮肥施用é‡ã€æŽ§åˆ¶ç£·è‚¥ç”¨é‡ï¼Œå¢žæ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥ã€ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ å’Œæ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚。
2.施肥建议
（1）ä¾æ®å¤§è±†å…»åˆ†éœ€æ±‚，氮磷钾（N-P2O5-K2O）施用比例在高肥力土壤为1：1.2：0.3-0.5；在低肥力土壤å¯é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ æ°®é’¾ç”¨é‡ï¼Œæ°®ç£·é’¾æ–½ç”¨æ¯”例为1：1：0.3-0.7。
（2ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡130-150公斤/亩，氮肥（N）2-3公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）2-3公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）1-2公斤/亩。
（3ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡150-175公斤/亩，氮肥（N）3-4公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）3-4公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2-3公斤/亩。
（4ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡å¤§äºŽ175公斤/亩，氮肥（N）3 -4公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）4-5公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2-3公斤/亩。在低肥力土壤å¯é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ æ°®é’¾ç”¨é‡ï¼Œæ°®ç£·é’¾æ–½ç”¨é‡ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）4-5公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）5-6公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2-3公斤/亩。
（5）高产区或土壤钼ã€ç¡¼ç¼ºä¹åŒºåŸŸï¼Œåº”补施硼肥和钼肥；在缺ä¹ç—‡çŠ¶è¾ƒè½»åœ°åŒºï¼Œå¯é‡‡å–微肥拌ç§çš„æ–¹å¼ã€‚æå€¡æ–½ç”¨å¤§è±†æ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚。
七ã€èŠ±ç”Ÿ
1.施肥原则
（1）ä¸ä½Žäº§ç”°å¢žæ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥ï¼ŒæŽ§åˆ¶æ°®è‚¥å’Œç£·è‚¥ç”¨é‡ã€é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ é’¾è‚¥ç”¨é‡ï¼Œæ倡é…åˆæ–½ç”¨èŠ±ç”Ÿæ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚。
（2）基肥为主，追肥为辅。基肥氮磷钾å‡è¡¡æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œè¿½è‚¥ä»¥æ°®é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ã€‚é‡‡ç”¨åœ°è†œè¦†ç›–æ ½åŸ¹æ€»æ–½è‚¥é‡æ高20%。æ倡水肥一体化追肥。
（3）补充钙肥和硼ã€é’¼ã€é“肥。在缺钙和微é‡å…ƒç´ 地区，酸性土壤钙肥å¯ä»¥é€‰ç”¨é’™é•ç£·è‚¥ï¼Œä¸æ€§å’Œç¢±æ€§åœŸå£¤é€‰ç”¨è¿‡ç£·é…¸é’™ï¼Œä¹Ÿå¯ä»¥é‡‡ç”¨æ°´æº¶æ€§é’™è‚¥å¶é¢å–·æ–½ã€‚é’¼ã€ç¡¼ç‰å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ å¯é‡‡å–æ‹Œç§æˆ–ä¸Žæ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚æ··åˆæ‹Œç§æ–¹å¼ï¼Œæ高接瘤效率。石ç°æ€§åœŸå£¤è¡¥æ–½é“肥。
（4）å¤èŠ±ç”Ÿå¯é€‚当å‡å°‘化肥用é‡ã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）推èé…方。基肥13-15-17ã€10-13-13或相近é…æ–¹å¤æ··åˆè‚¥ï¼›è¿½è‚¥ç”¨25-0-5或相近é…方氮钾å¤æ··åˆè‚¥æˆ–å•è´¨æ°®é’¾è‚¥ã€‚
（2）基肥用é‡ã€‚ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡150-200公斤/亩，基施é…方肥推è用é‡30-35公斤/äº©ï¼›ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡200-300公斤/亩，基施é…方肥推è用é‡35-40公斤/亩；（3ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡300-400公斤/亩，基施é…方肥推è用é‡40-45公斤/亩。
（3）追肥用é‡ã€‚å¯æ ¹æ®æƒ…况在花生开花下针期追施25-0-5é…方肥20公斤/亩。
（4）ç§è‚¥æ–½ç”¨ã€‚在肥力较低的地å—建议å¦æ–½ç§è‚¥ï¼Œå¯ä»¥æ–½ç”¨ç£·é…¸äºŒé“µ5公斤/亩。
å…«ã€æ£‰èŠ±
（一）黄淮海棉区
1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥，æ倡有机替代比例15%å·¦å³,但ä¸é«˜äºŽ30%。
（2）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›æ¡ä»¶ï¼Œé€‚当调å‡æ°®ç£·åŒ–肥用é‡ï¼Œåˆç†æ–½ç”¨é’¾è‚¥ï¼Œæ³¨æ„硼和锌的é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（3ï¼‰æ°®è‚¥åˆ†æœŸæ–½ç”¨ï¼Œå¢žåŠ ç”Ÿè‚²ä¸æœŸçš„氮肥施用比例，é™ä½ŽåŸºè‚¥æ¯”例。
（4）肥料施用应与çŒæº‰é˜²æ¶æŠ€æœ¯å’Œå…¶ä»–é«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）亩产皮棉85-100公斤的æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ä¼˜è´¨æœ‰æœºè‚¥1.5å¨å·¦å³ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）12-14公斤，磷肥（P2O5）6-8公斤，钾肥（K2O）6-8公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，注æ„补施硼ã€é”Œè‚¥ï¼Œç¡¼è‚¥ï¼ˆç¡¼ç ‚）ã€é”Œè‚¥ï¼ˆç¡«é…¸é”Œï¼‰ç”¨é‡æ¯äº©ç”¨é‡1-2公斤，硼肥å¶ç‰‡å–·æ–½ï¼šäº©ç”¨é‡100-150克水溶性硼肥，在现蕾-开花期进行。
（2）氮肥25%-30%用作基肥，25%-30%用在åˆèŠ±æœŸï¼Œ25%-30%用在盛花期，10%-25%用作盖顶肥；15%磷肥åšç§è‚¥ï¼Œ85%磷肥作基肥；钾肥全部用作基肥或基追（åˆèŠ±æœŸï¼‰å„åŠã€‚从盛花期开始，对长势弱的棉田，结åˆæ–½è¯æ··å–·0.5%-1.0%å°¿ç´ å’Œ0.3%-0.5%磷酸二氢钾溶液50-75公斤/亩，æ¯éš”7-10天喷一次，连ç»å–·æ–½2-3次。
（二）长江ä¸ä¸‹æ¸¸æ£‰åŒº
1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥，æ倡有机替代比例15%å·¦å³,但ä¸é«˜äºŽ30%。
（2）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›çŠ¶å†µå’Œè‚¥æ•ˆå应，适当调å‡æ°®ç£·åŒ–肥用é‡ï¼Œç¨³å®šé’¾è‚¥ç”¨é‡ã€‚
（3）土壤硼ã€é”Œæ˜Žæ˜¾ç¼ºä¹çš„棉田应基施硼肥和锌肥；潜在缺ä¹çš„应注é‡æ ¹å¤–追施硼ã€é”Œè‚¥ã€‚
（4ï¼‰å¯¹äºŽè‚²è‹—ç§»æ ½æ£‰ç”°ï¼Œç£·é’¾è‚¥é‡‡ç”¨ç©´æ–½æˆ–æ¡æ–½ç‰é›†ä¸æ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（5）肥料施用应与çŒæº‰é˜²æ¶æŠ€æœ¯å’Œå…¶ä»–é«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）皮棉亩产在90-110公斤的æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨ä¼˜è´¨æœ‰æœºè‚¥1-2å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）13-15公斤，磷肥（P2O5）6-7公斤，钾肥（K2O）10-12公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，注æ„è¡¥æ–½ç¡¼ç ‚1.0-2.0公斤/亩和硫酸锌1.5-2.0公斤/亩。低产田适当调低施肥é‡20%å·¦å³ã€‚
（2）氮肥25%-30%作基施，25%-30%用作åˆèŠ±æœŸè¿½è‚¥ï¼Œ25%-30%用作盛花期追肥，15%-20%用作铃期追肥；磷肥全部作为基施；钾肥60%用作基施，40%用作åˆèŠ±æœŸè¿½è‚¥ã€‚从盛花期开始对长势较弱的棉田，喷施0.5%-1.0%å°¿ç´ å’Œ0.3%-0.5%磷酸二氢钾溶液25-50公斤/亩，æ¯éš”7-10天喷一次，连ç»å–·æ–½2-3次。
（三）西北棉区
1.施肥原则
（1）充分利用有机肥资æºï¼Œå¢žæ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥ï¼Œæ£‰ç§†100%还田。
（2）适当调整氮肥用é‡ã€å¢žåŠ 生育ä¸æœŸæ–½ç”¨æ¯”例，åˆç†æ–½ç”¨ç£·ã€é’¾è‚¥ã€‚
（3ï¼‰æ–½è‚¥ä¸Žé«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå°¤å…¶è¦é‡è§†æ°´è‚¥ä¸€ä½“化调控。
2.施肥建议
（1）膜下滴çŒæ£‰ç”°ï¼šçš®æ£‰äº©äº§åœ¨120-150公斤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼50-75公斤，氮肥（N）20-22公斤，磷肥（P2O5）8-10公斤，钾肥（K2O）5-6公斤；皮棉亩产在150-180公斤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼75-100公斤，氮肥（N）22-24公斤，磷肥（P2O5）10-12公斤，钾肥（K2O）6-8公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，补施水溶性好的硼肥1.0-2.0公斤/亩，硫酸锌1.5-2.0公斤/亩。硼肥适宜å¶é¢å–·æ–½ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡100-150克。锌肥å¯ä»¥åšåŸºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡1-2公斤。
氮肥基肥å 总é‡25%å·¦å³ï¼Œè¿½è‚¥å 75%å·¦å³ï¼ˆçŽ°è•¾æœŸ15%，开花期20%，花铃期30%,棉铃膨大期10%），磷肥ã€é’¾è‚¥åŸºè‚¥å 50%å·¦å³ï¼Œå…¶ä»–作追肥。全生育期追肥次数8次左å³ï¼Œä»ŽçŽ°è•¾æœŸå¼€å§‹è¿½è‚¥ï¼Œä¸€æ°´ä¸€è‚¥ã€‚å‰æœŸæ°®å¤šç£·å°‘，ä¸åŽæœŸç£·å¤šæ°®å°‘，结åˆæ»´çŒç³»ç»Ÿå®žè¡ŒçŒæº‰æ–½è‚¥ã€‚æ倡选用水溶肥作追肥，但è¦é…åˆå°¿ç´ 施用。一般å‰æœŸå°¿ç´ 与水溶肥用é‡æ¯”例2:1，ä¸åŽæœŸå°¿ç´ 与水溶肥用é‡æ¯”例1:1，8月底开始åªæ–½ç”¨ä¸“用肥。
（2）常规çŒæº‰ï¼ˆæ·¹çŒæˆ–沟çŒï¼‰æ£‰ç”°ï¼šçš®æ£‰äº©äº§åœ¨90-110公斤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼50公斤或优质有机肥1-1.5å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）18-20公斤，磷肥（P2O5）7-8公斤，钾肥（K2O）2-3公斤；皮棉亩产在110-130公斤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼75-100公斤或优质有机肥1.5-2.0å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）20-23公斤，磷肥（P2O5）8-10公斤，钾肥（K2O）3-6公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，注æ„补施硼ã€é”Œè‚¥ã€‚
地é¢çŒæº‰æ£‰ç”°45%-50%的氮肥用作基施，50%-55%作追肥施用。30%的氮肥用在åˆèŠ±æœŸï¼Œ20%-25%的氮肥用在盛花期。50%-60%的磷钾肥用作基施，40%-50%用作追肥。硼肥è¦å¶é¢å–·æ–½ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡100-150克。锌肥åšåŸºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡1-2公斤。
ä¹ã€æžœæ ‘
（一）柑橘
1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥料，实施橘å›è¡Œé—´ç§æ¤ç»¿è‚¥ã€ç”Ÿè‰è¦†ç›–，培肥土壤ã€ä¿æŒæ°´åœŸï¼›åœŸå£¤é…¸åŒ–严é‡çš„æžœå›æ–½ç”¨ç¢±æ€§è°ƒç†å‰‚和有机肥进行改良。
（2ï¼‰æ ¹æ®æŸ‘橘å›åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›å’Œä¸åŒç†ŸæœŸæŸ‘橘å“ç§åŠäº§é‡æ°´å¹³ï¼Œé€‚当调å‡æ°®ç£·é’¾è‚¥ç”¨é‡ï¼›åœ¨å—方酸性土壤上注æ„补充é•ã€é’™ã€ç¡¼ã€é”Œç‰ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ ，尤其是在春å£æŸ‘橘èŒèŠ½å‰åŠå¼€èŠ±å‰åŽè¡¥å……硼和锌。
（3）肥水管ç†åº”ä¸Žç»¿è‰²é«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç»“åˆï¼Œæ˜¥å£æ–½è‚¥å‰æ³¨æ„æžœæ ‘çš„æ•´å½¢ä¿®å‰ªï¼Œå¤å£æ˜“出现高温ä¼æ—±ï¼Œæ倡柑橘å›ç”Ÿè‰è¦†ç›–和穴贮肥水技术，有æ¡ä»¶çš„æžœå›æ倡水肥一体化技术；秋å£æ³¨æ„深施有机肥。
2.施肥建议
（1）施用有机肥5-10公斤/æ ª,或者施用农家肥2-4æ–¹/äº©ï¼›æ ‘åŠ¿å¼±æˆ–è‚¥åŠ›ä½Žçš„åœŸå£¤å¤šæ–½ç”¨ã€‚å…¨éƒ¨æœ‰æœºè‚¥ä½œåŸºè‚¥æœ€å¥½äºŽç§‹å£æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œç§‹å£æœªæ–½ç”¨çš„在春å£2-3月åŠæ—©æ–½å…¥ï¼ˆå°¤å…¶æ˜¯æ™šç†ŸæŸ‘橘在秋å£ä¸æ–¹ä¾¿æ–½ç”¨çš„情况下应在春å£è¡¥æ–½ï¼‰ï¼Œé‡‡ç”¨å¼€æ²Ÿæˆ–挖穴方法施用。
（2）亩产1500公斤以下的果å›ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）10-15公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）5-7公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）10-15公斤/亩。亩产1500-3000公斤的果å›ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）15-20公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）6-8公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）15-20公斤/亩；亩产3000公斤以上的果å›ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）20-25公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）8-10公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）20-25公斤/亩。
（3）化肥分3-4次施用，第一次是秋施基肥，在上年9月到11月（晚熟å“ç§æœ€å¥½åœ¨9月施用，其他å“ç§åœ¨é‡‡æžœå‰åŽæ–½ç”¨ï¼‰æ°®ç£·é’¾é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼›ç¬¬äºŒæ¬¡æ˜¯æ˜¥å£æ–½èŒèŠ½è‚¥ï¼ŒäºŽ2-3月èŒèŠ½å‰è¿½è‚¥ï¼Œä»¥æ°®è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»é…åˆç£·é’¾è‚¥ï¼›åœ¨5æœˆæ ¹æ®æŒ‚果情况酌情施用稳果肥；第三次是å¤å£æ–½å£®æžœè‚¥ï¼ŒäºŽ7月果实膨大期施用，以钾肥为主é…åˆæ°®ç£·è‚¥ã€‚
（4）针对性施用ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ 肥料。缺硼ã€é”Œå’Œç¼ºé’™çš„柑橘å›ï¼Œåœ¨æ˜¥å£èŒèŠ½å‰æ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨ç¡«é…¸é”Œ1-1.5公斤ã€ç¡¼ç ‚0.5-1.0公斤ã€ç¡é…¸é’™30公斤；缺ä¹ä¸¥é‡çš„æžœå›è¿˜åº”在花期å¶é¢å–·æ–½2-3次0.2%ç¡¼ç ‚ï¼Œå¹¼æžœæœŸå–·2-3次0.3%的钙肥。缺é•çš„柑橘å›ï¼Œåœ¨å¹¼æžœæœŸæ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨ç¡«é…¸é•20-30公斤，在秋施肥时钙é•ç£·è‚¥30公斤与有机肥é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（二）苹果
1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥，æå€¡æœ‰æœºæ— æœºé…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼›ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤æµ‹è¯•å’Œæ ‘相，适当调å‡æ°®ç£·é’¾åŒ–肥用é‡ï¼›æ³¨æ„å¢žåŠ é’™ã€é•ã€ç¡¼å’Œé”Œçš„施用。
（2）秋å£å·²ç»æ–½åŸºè‚¥çš„æžœå›ï¼ŒèŒèŠ½å‰ä¸æ–½è‚¥æˆ–少施肥。秋å£æœªæ–½åŸºè‚¥çš„æžœå›ï¼Œä¸€æ˜¯å‚照秋å£æ–½è‚¥å»ºè®®åœ¨èŒèŠ½å‰å°½æ—©æ–½å…¥ï¼Œæ—©æ˜¥å¹²æ—±ç¼ºæ°´äº§åŒºè¦åœ¨æ–½è‚¥åŽè¡¥å……水分以利于养分å¸æ”¶åˆ©ç”¨ï¼›äºŒæ˜¯åœ¨èŒèŠ½å‰ï¼ˆ3月上旬开始）喷3é1-3%çš„å°¿ç´ ï¼ˆæµ“åº¦å‰é«˜åŽä½Žï¼‰åŠ 适é‡ç™½ç³–（约1%）和其他缺ä¹çš„å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ åŠé˜²éœœå†»å‰‚ä»¥å¢žåŠ è´®è—养分，利于å‡è½»æ—©æ˜¥æ™šéœœå†»å±å®³ã€‚
（3ï¼‰ä¸Žé«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå¦‚å¹³åŽŸåœ°èµ·åž„æ ½åŸ¹ã€ç”Ÿè‰æŠ€æœ¯ã€ä¸‹åž‚æžœæžä¿®å‰ªæŠ€æœ¯ä»¥åŠå£èœ‚授粉技术ç‰ã€‚黄土高原ç‰å¹²æ—±çš„区域è¦ä¸Žåœ°è†œï¼ˆå›è‰ºåœ°å¸ƒï¼‰ç‰è¦†ç›–结åˆã€‚
（4）土壤酸化的果å›å¯é€šè¿‡æ–½ç”¨ç¡…é’™é•è‚¥æˆ–石ç°ç‰å…¶ä»–土壤改良剂改良土壤。
2.施肥建议
（1）亩产2500公斤以下果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）5-7.5公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）3-3.5公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）7.5-10公斤/亩；亩产2500-4000公斤果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）7.5-15公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）3.5-7公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）10-17.5公斤/亩；亩产4000公斤以上果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）10-17.5公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）4.5-10公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）12.5-20公斤/亩。
（2）化肥分3-6次施用，第一次在3月ä¸æ—¬åˆ°4月ä¸æ—¬ï¼Œä»¥æ°®é’™è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œå»ºè®®æ–½ç”¨ä¸€æ¬¡ç¡é…¸é“µé’™ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡30-50公斤；第二次在果实套袋å‰åŽï¼ˆ5月底到6月åˆï¼‰ï¼Œæ°®ç£·é’¾é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼Œå»ºè®®æ–½ç”¨17-10-18苹果é…方肥；6月ä¸æ—¬ä»¥åŽå»ºè®®è¿½è‚¥2-4次；å‰æœŸä»¥æ°®é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œå¢žåŠ 钾肥用é‡ï¼Œå»ºè®®æ–½ç”¨16-6-20é…方肥；åŽæœŸä»¥é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œé…åˆå°‘é‡æ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆæ°®è‚¥ç”¨é‡æ ¹æ®æžœå®žå¤§å°ç¡®å®šï¼Œæžœå®žè¾ƒå¤§çš„一定è¦å‡å°‘氮肥用é‡ï¼Œä¸”å¢žåŠ é’™è‚¥ç‰ç”¨é‡ï¼‰ã€‚干旱区域建议采用窄沟多沟施肥方法，多雨区域å¯æ”¾å°„沟法或撒施。
（3）土壤缺锌ã€ç¡¼çš„æžœå›ï¼ŒèŒèŠ½å‰åŽæ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨ç¡«é…¸é”Œ1-1.5公斤ã€ç¡¼ç ‚0.5-1.0公斤；在花期和幼果期å¶é¢å–·æ–½0.3%ç¡¼ç ‚ã€æžœå®žå¥—袋å‰å–·3次0.3%的钙肥。土壤酸化的果å›ï¼Œæ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨çŸ³ç°150-200公斤或硅钙é•è‚¥50-100公斤。
（三）梨
1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥料，实施梨å›ç”Ÿè‰ã€è¦†è‰ï¼ŒåŸ¹è‚¥åœŸå£¤ï¼›åœŸå£¤é…¸åŒ–严é‡çš„æžœå›æ–½ç”¨çŸ³ç°å’Œæœ‰æœºè‚¥è¿›è¡Œæ”¹è‰¯ã€‚
（2）ä¾æ®æ¢¨å›åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›æ¡ä»¶å’Œæ¢¨æ ‘生长状况，适当å‡å°‘氮磷肥用é‡ï¼Œå¢žåŠ 钾肥施用，通过å¶é¢å–·æ–½è¡¥å……é’™ã€é•ã€é“ã€é”Œã€ç¡¼ç‰ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ 。
（3）结åˆé«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ã€äº§é‡æ°´å¹³å’ŒåœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›æ¡ä»¶ï¼Œç¡®å®šè‚¥æ–™æ–½ç”¨æ—¶æœŸã€ç”¨é‡å’Œå…ƒç´ é…比。
（4）优化施肥方å¼ï¼Œæ”¹æ’’施为æ¡æ–½æˆ–穴施，结åˆçŒæº‰æ–½è‚¥ï¼Œä»¥æ°´è°ƒè‚¥ã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）亩产2000公斤以下果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）8-10公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）6-8公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）9-11公斤/亩；亩产2000-4000公斤果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）10-18公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）6-12公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）12-20公斤/亩。
（2）化肥分3-5次施用，第一次在5月ä¸æ—¬ï¼Œæ°®ç£·é’¾é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼›6月ä¸æ—¬ä»¥åŽå»ºè®®è¿½è‚¥2-4次；å‰æœŸä»¥æ°®é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œå¢žåŠ 钾肥用é‡ï¼Œå»ºè®®æ–½ç”¨20-5-20é…方肥；åŽæœŸä»¥é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œé…åˆå°‘é‡æ°®è‚¥ã€‚
（3ï¼‰æ ¹å¤–è¿½è‚¥ï¼šç¡¼ã€é”Œã€é“ç‰ç¼ºä¹çš„梨å›å¯ç”¨0.2%ç¡¼ç ‚æº¶æ¶²ã€0.2%硫酸锌ã€0.3%å°¿ç´ æ··åˆæ¶²ï¼ˆæˆ–0.3%硫酸亚é“）和0.3%å°¿ç´ æº¶æ¶²äºŽå‘芽å‰è‡³ç››å¤§èŠ±æœŸå¤šæ¬¡å–·æ–½ï¼Œéš”周一次。
（四）桃
1.施肥原则
（1ï¼‰åŠ å¼ºæœ‰æœºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨æ¯”ä¾‹ï¼Œä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›å’Œæ—©ä¸æ™šç†Ÿå“ç§åŠäº§é‡æ°´å¹³ï¼Œåˆç†è°ƒæŽ§æ°®ç£·é’¾è‚¥æ–½ç”¨æ°´å¹³ï¼Œæ³¨æ„é’™ã€é•ã€ç¡¼å’Œé”Œæˆ–é“肥的é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（2）ä¸åŒå“ç§æžœæ ‘春å£è¿½è‚¥æ—¶æœŸè¦æœ‰å·®åˆ«ï¼Œæ—©ç†Ÿå“ç§è¾ƒæ™šç†Ÿå“ç§è¿½è‚¥æ—¶æœŸæ—©ï¼Œæ›´è¦åŠ 强秋施基肥，其春å£è¿½è‚¥æ¬¡æ•°æ¯”晚熟å“ç§å°‘。
（3ï¼‰ä¸Žä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå¤å£æ˜“出现æ¶å®³çš„平原地区需注æ„结åˆèµ·åž„ã€è¦†è†œæˆ–æžœå›ç”Ÿè‰æŠ€æœ¯ï¼›å¹²æ—±åœ°åŒºæ倡采用地表覆盖和穴贮肥水技术。
2.施肥建议
（1）早熟å“ç§ã€åœŸå£¤è‚¥æ²ƒã€æ ‘龄å°ã€æ ‘势强的果å›æ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥1-2æ–¹/亩；晚熟å“ç§ã€åœŸå£¤ç˜ è–„ã€æ ‘龄大ã€æ ‘势弱的果å›æ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥2-4æ–¹/亩。
（2）产é‡æ°´å¹³1500公斤/亩的桃å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）8-10公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）5-8公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）10-13公斤/亩；产é‡æ°´å¹³2000公斤/亩的桃å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）13-16公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）7-10公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）15-18公斤/亩；产é‡æ°´å¹³3000公斤/亩的桃å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）16-18公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）10-12公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）18-21公斤/亩。
（3）全部有机肥作基肥最好于秋å£æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œç§‹å£æœªæ–½ç”¨çš„在春å£åœŸå£¤
(1) Irrigation winter wheat area in the North China Plain. Including Shandong and Tianjin, south-central Hebei, north-central Henan, Shaanxi Guanzhong Plain, southwestern Shanxi.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the growth of seedlings and the occurrence of frost damage in winter and spring, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in stages, and the proportion of application in the middle and late stages of jointing should be increased appropriately; the amount of topdressing should be scientifically determined according to the amount of base (basic) fertilizer application, seedling condition, temperature and soil fertility. Time; due to the ground, due to seedlings, and time to topdress.
(2) According to the soil moisture and water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, the irrigation amount and time should be reasonably determined to achieve the integration of water and fertilizer management.
(3) Grasping the favorable opportunity for wheat to return to green and jointing, timely adopting measures to promote and control, promote the transformation of weak seedlings, increase the rate of ear formation; control the long field of the field, and prevent the late fall of the past.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is less than 450,000. The three types of wheat fields with lighter leaf color and poor growth should be managed in time for fertilizer and water. Spring topdressing can be carried out twice. For the first time in the greening period, 5-8 kg of urea was applied per acre with watering; the second time in the jointing stage, 5-10 kg of urea was applied per acre with watering.
(2) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is between 45,000 and 600,000, and the second group of wheat fields with a small population is 10-15 kg of urea per acre combined with watering in the wheat body.
(3) Before the greening, the total number of stems per acre is between 60,000 and 800,000. A suitable group of wheat fields can be combined with watering for 12-15 kg per mu in the jointing stage.
(4) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is more than 800,000, the color of leaves is dark green, and there is a tendency to grow. The cultivating should be carried out during the regreening period, delaying the application of nitrogen fertilizer and reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, controlling the population and preventing lodging. It is late with greed. Generally, 8-10 kg of urea can be applied per mu in the late stage of jointing.
(5) Wheat subjected to freezing injury during winter or regreening period should be topdressed and watered according to the occurrence of freezing damage. For severe frost damage, 5-10 kg of urea should be applied per acre and watering should be carried out to promote wheat early tillering and increase tillering rate. Reduce the loss of frost damage.
(6) It is recommended to apply nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer to the bottom fertilizer without applying phosphate fertilizer or phosphorus deficiency field. The application of potassium fertilizer is not applied or applied at the greening or jointing stage; there is no irrigation condition or no effective precipitation. Spraying urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the spring foliage to play the role of fertilizer.
(7) Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer can be sprayed on the foliar surface of wheat during grain filling stage to prevent dry hot air and lodging, increase grouting intensity and increase grain weight.
(8) In the wheat field in the sulfur-deficient area, if the base fertilizer is not applied with superphosphate, potassium sulfate or sulfur-based compound fertilizer, the ammonium sulfate should be applied in the first top dressing, and the amount of sulfur applied per mu is about 2 kg.
(9) Due to the fact that some farmers have not smashed the ground after the rotary tillage, the sows that have been sowed deep and soaked in the deep sowing, the tillers are few, and the seedlings are weak, it is recommended to apply 10-15 kg of urea during the returning period.
(2) North China rain-fed winter wheat area. Including Jiangsu and Anhui provinces north of the Huaihe River, southeastern Henan.
Fertilization principle
(1) In response to grievances in different places, the combination of repression and ploughing before the wheat is returned to green, to maintain soil moisture, increase ground temperature to promote the transformation of seedlings, and improve the drought resistance of wheat.
(2) Fertilization of wheat should be stratified, repeated, and small amount, that is, combined with meteorology, and a small amount of cover should be applied before and after precipitation, and the fertilizer should not be exposed to the air after fertilization.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) In the early spring, the soil is green or rain, and it is applied with chemical fertilizer or ditching strips. 5-7 kg of urea is applied per acre. After fertilization, the soil is covered. If the rain occurs in the middle and late stages, urea can be applied 5-8 per mu. kg. In the phosphate-deficient field, 7-10 kg of diammonium phosphate is used per mu, and the potassium-deficient plot is applied with 15-20 kg of nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer, which is covered after fertilization.
(2) In order to prevent the late drought, the soil should be repressed at the appropriate time before the soil is thawed and returned to the green, and the soil is removed, the soil is soiled, and the soil is protected. The suppression should be combined with the ploughing of the ploughing. Before the wheat is sealed, wheat or corn stalks are covered with each acre to reduce the evaporation loss of soil moisture.
(3) If the number of stems is more than 800,000 years ago, the total number of stems is more than 800,000. Due to the excessive consumption of large nutrients in the wheat population, the spring wheat seedlings are yellow or the yellowing of the gaskets, and the topdressing can be carried out 2-3 times during the greening period. , 10 kg/time of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per acre.
(4) The wheat population is too small during the wintering period (before the greening, the total number of stems per acre is less than 450,000, and the three types of wheat fields with lighter leaf color and poor growth) should be managed in time to return to the jointing period. Topdressing is carried out 2-3 times, followed by rainfall of 5-8 kg/time of urea per acre.
(5) It is necessary to combine the pest control, “one spray three prevention†and other means to supplement the trace elements such as sulfur, zinc and boron, and spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to play the role of fertilizer.
(3) Winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Including Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shanghai, south of Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces south of the Huaihe River.
Fertilization principle
(1) Respiratory or slashing should be carried out before the wheat is returned to the green, and the cold and anti-freeze should be promoted to promote the transformation of the seedlings and enhance the ability of the wheat to resist drought and cold.
(2) According to the soil fertility, the application of base fertilizer, the seedling condition and the soil moisture, the amount of topdressing and irrigation is determined scientifically, and the soil is fertilized by seedlings.
(3) The combination of fertilizer and water management with drought and flood control and pest control.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Pay close attention to the weather conditions and seedlings before the jointing of wheat, especially the rainfall. If the drought persists, the weather will pick up in early spring, the soil evaporation will increase, and the wheat seedlings will need water early when it needs water. It is necessary to pay attention to temperature changes and master the amount and time of irrigation.
(2) Comprehensive judgment based on winter frost damage and group situation. If there are more large-scale frozen deaths or serious shortages of the group, the irrigation should be combined as soon as possible, and the green fertilizer should be applied to promote the large-scale springs and ensure the number of panicles.
(3) The production level is below 300 kg/mu, from the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and urea, 6-8 kg/mu; the production level is 300-400 kg/mu, and the jointing period to the jointing stage combined with irrigation and urea 8-11 Kg/mu and potassium chloride 1-3 kg/mu; production level 400-550 kg/mu, from the period of the body to the jointing stage combined with irrigation and urea, 11-16 kg/mu and potassium chloride 3-5 kg/mu; The production level is 550 kg/mu or more. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation, the urea is applied at 17-20 kg/mu and the potassium chloride is 3-5 kg/mu.
(4) In some areas where trace elements are scarce, it is recommended to combine the "one spray three prevention", combined with the control of pests and diseases (aphids and scab), spraying micro-element leaves at the jointing stage, booting stage and filling stage of wheat. Fertilization; and in the wheat filling period, 150-200 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.5-1 kg of urea and 50 kg of water were used for foliar application.
(4) Rainy and dry farming in the northwestern winter wheat area. Including northern Hebei, southern Wulanchabu, Inner Mongolia, most of Shanxi, northwestern Shaanxi, western Henan, northern Ningxia, eastern Gansu.
Fertilization principle
(1) There was a big difference in precipitation before and after wheat planting in the past year. In this spring, the local precipitation and soil moisture should be used to suppress or slash before the wheat is greened, to promote mites, to promote the transformation of seedlings, and to enhance the ability of wheat to resist drought and cold. , cold, anti-freeze, anti-spring drought.
(2) For the situation of the seedlings, seize the opportunity, carry out early spring topping and topdressing, combined with precipitation and topdressing or chemical regulation, and promote the combination of control to ensure stable production and increase production of dryland wheat.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) In order to prevent post-rain drought, dryland wheat should adopt effective water conservation measures in time to prevent and reduce the loss of soil moisture before the early spring wheat closure. Relieve or slash at the right time before the soil is thawed and returned to green, remove the dirt, solidify the soil, and provide protection. For the dry land that has been overwintered, the water is removed early before thawing and greening, and the knot is removed to eliminate cracks. Before the wheat is sealed, 200-300 kg of wheat or corn stalks per acre can be covered between rows to reduce the evaporation loss of soil moisture.
(2) In the field where the fertilizer is insufficiently invested, it is necessary to grasp the timing of the rain and timely carry out the wheat early spring topdressing. The nitrogen-deficient field uses 5-7 kg of urea per acre, and the phosphate-poor field uses 7-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre, which is applied to the soil by a fertilizer applicator (耧). Dry land with irrigation conditions, combined with spring irrigation, 6-8 kg of urea per acre of nitrogen-deficient fields, and 8-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre of phosphate-poor field.
(3) Before the sowing, the sensation is good or the sowing is early, and the fertilization amount is high. In dry land without irrigation conditions, it is necessary to suppress the plan and protect the land as soon as possible. In the dry land where the winter water is poured, the water should be drained early and the spring watering should be postponed until the late jointing stage.
(4) Fields with late sowing and weak seedlings should be combined with Baoyu as soon as possible to improve the ground temperature and promote the growth of weak seedlings.
(5) Northwestern irrigation spring wheat area. It is mainly based on spring wheat, including central Inner Mongolia, northern Ningxia, central and western Gansu, eastern Qinghai and Xinjiang.
Fertilization principle
(1) Determine the target yield according to soil fertility, reduce the input of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, supplement the potassium fertilizer, and supplement the micro-fertilizer.
(2) Adding organic fertilizer, the whole amount of straw will return to the field to fertilize the soil, and promote the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers.
(3) "Nitrate, phosphorus and potassium, early application of base fertilizer, skillful application of topdressing". Strictly control the application of base fertilizer and sowing quality to ensure that the seedlings and seedlings are complete. Appropriate topdressing, to prevent wheat from overwhelming in the early stage, and later to reduce fertilizer and reduce production.
(4) Topdressing should be effectively combined with irrigation. The use of water and fertilizer integration or topdressing before irrigation, spraying the zinc fertilizer and other micro-fertilizers at the booting stage.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-18-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 300-400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20-25 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation, the urea is applied 10-15 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 400-550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30-35 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, the urea is applied 15-20 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is 550 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35-40 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation and surging urea 15-20 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 300 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 15-20 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, the urea is applied 5-10 kg/mu.
Second, rice
(1) Single-season rice area in the northeast cold region. Including all of Heilongjiang and some counties in Inner Mongolia Hulunbeier.
1. Fertilization management principles
(1) According to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is appropriately reduced, and the amount of potassium fertilizer is optimized.
(2) Reduce the amount and proportion of base fertilizer and nitrogen, increase the proportion of panicle fertilizer, and make the ratio of ear fertilizer to nitrogen at jointing stage reach about 30%.
(3) Early application of green fertilizer to promote early onset of sputum, and return to green fertilizer within 3 days after transplanting.
(4) Appropriate supplementation of trace elements according to the micronutrient nutrient status in the soil.
(5) Calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer should be applied to the acidic site, and the compound fertilizer or compound fertilizer with lower pH value should be used for the base fertilizer of the alkaline-alkali plot. Use less or no urea for top dressing, and ammonium sulfate can be used as top dressing.
(6) After applying the base fertilizer, the rotary tillage is carried out to achieve full-layer fertilization; the water-saving irrigation technique is adopted, and the field is applied for about 3 days before fertilization, and the fertilization takes water with nitrogen; in the conditional areas, the lateral deep fertilization and transplanting can be integrated.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 13-19-13 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 450-550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 18-23 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 5-7 and 3 kg/mu, respectively.
(3) The production level is 550 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 23-29 kg/mu. The fertilizer is applied to the fertilizer and the grain fertilizer is 7-8, 3-4 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride. - 3 kg / mu.
(4) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 14-18 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 4-5, 2-3 kg/mu.
(2) Northeast single-season rice area. It includes all of Jilin and Liaoning provinces, as well as some counties in Chifeng, Tongliao and Xing'an League in Inner Mongolia.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil fertilization formula and the fertilizer characteristics of the variety, determine the reasonable fertilizer amount of the plot.
(2) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, rationally allocate the period of nitrogen fertilizer application, and appropriately increase the proportion of panicle fertilizer.
(3) Rational application of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and appropriate supplementation of medium and trace element fertilizers.
(4) Based on increasing the amount of organic fertilizer applied, appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the later period.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 15-16-14 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 500-600 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24-28 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 8-9, 4-5 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 600 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 28-33 kg/mu. The fertilizer and the ear grain fertilizer are respectively applied with urea 9-11 and 5 kg/mu, and the spike fertilizer is applied with potassium chloride 1-3. Kg/mu.
(4) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 19-24 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 6-8 and 3-4 kg/mu, respectively. Zinc-deficient or cold-impregnated field-based zinc sulphate 1-2 kg / mu, silicon fertilizer 15-20 kg / mu.
(3) Single-season rice area on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Including western Hubei, eastern Sichuan, Chongqing, southwestern Shaanxi, northern Guizhou.
Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer and promote the combination of organic and inorganic.
(2) According to the soil fertility situation, adjust the proportion of base fertilizer and top dressing appropriately.
(3) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(4) Appropriately reduce the amount of phosphorus fertilizer in rice in oil rice field.
(5) Select medium and low concentration phosphate fertilizer, such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and calcium, etc., potassium fertilizer to choose potassium chloride.
(6) Fields with a soil pH of 5.5 or less are suitably applied with a silicon-containing alkaline fertilizer or a base applied lime.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 6-8 kg/mu; the production level is 450-550 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 8-10 kg/mu; the production level is 550-650 kg. / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 10-12 kg / mu; production level 650 kg / mu or more, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 12-14 kg / mu. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4-6 kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 5-8 kg / mu (the amount of potassium fertilizer in the middle and upper fertility field of straw returning field 4-7 kg / mu).
(2) Nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer accounts for 50%-60%, manure fertilizer accounts for 20%-30%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%-30%; organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer all base application; potassium fertilizer base fertilizer (50%-60%) and Spike fertilizer (40%-50%) was applied twice.
(3) In the zinc-deficient and boron-deficient areas, apply appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer; apply 30-50 kg of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime per acre in the soil with strong acidity.
(4) Single and double-season rice areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Including the central and eastern Hubei, northeastern Hunan, northwestern Jiangxi, and Anhui.
Fertilization principle
(1) Appropriately reduce the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and increase the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer and panicle fertilizer.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer is preferred for calcium or calcium magnesium phosphate, and potassium for potassium.
(4) Add organic fertilizer and promote straw returning.
(5) Cooperate with zinc fertilizer and silicon fertilizer.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 350 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 6-7 kg/mu; the production level is 350-450 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 7-8 kg/mu; the production level is 450-550 kg. / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 8-10 kg / mu; production level 550 kg / mu or more, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 10-12 kg / mu. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4-7 kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 4-8 kg / mu.
(2) 50%-60% of nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer, 20%-25% as manure, 20%-25% as panicle fertilizer; all phosphate fertilizers as base fertilizer; 50%-60% of potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer, 40%-50% as Spike fertilizer; in the zinc-deficient area, the appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer (zinc sulfate) 1 kg / mu; appropriate base application of silicon fertilizer; organic fertilizer base application.
(3) The amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced by applying organic fertilizer or planting green manure, and the amount of potassium fertilizer can be reduced by about 30% in the land where straw is returned to the field.
(5) Single-season rice area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Including all of Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang.
Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer and combine organic and inorganic.
(2) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the proportion of base fertilizer and top dressing, and appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in base fertilizer.
(3) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(4) Oil (wheat) rice wheel cropping field, appropriate reduction of rice phosphate fertilizer dosage, potassium fertilizer selection of potassium chloride.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage is 8-10 kg/mu, the phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 2-3 kg/mu; the potassium fertilizer (K2O) 3-4 kg/mu; the production level is 500-600. Kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 10-12 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3-4 kg/mu; potassium fertilizer (K2O) 4-5 kg/mu; production level 600 kg/mu or more, nitrogen fertilizer (N) The dosage is 12-18 kg/mu. Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-6 kg / mu; potassium fertilizer (K2O) 6-8 kg / mu, zinc fertilizer (zinc sulfate) 1-2 kg / mu.
(2) Nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer accounts for 40%-50%, manure fertilizer accounts for 20%-30%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%-30%; organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer all base application; potassium fertilizer base fertilizer (50%-60%) And panicle fertilizer (40%-50%) applied twice; zinc-deficient soil applied 1-2 kg of zinc sulfate per acre; suitable base application of silicon fertilizer.
(3) The amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced by applying organic fertilizer or planting green manure.
(6) Single and double-season rice areas in the hilly mountains of the south of the Yangtze River. Including south central Hunan, southeastern Jiangxi, southern Zhejiang, north central Fujian, northern Guangdong.
Fertilization principle
(1) Determine the target yield according to soil fertility, control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, balance application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and combine organic and inorganic.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer preferentially choose calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or calcium.
(4) Appropriate application of soil amendments or based limes to acidic soils.
(5) Pay attention to the rational application of zinc fertilizer in areas with zinc deficiency.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Under the condition of about 500 kg per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10-13 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3-4 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8-10 kg/mu.
(2) Nitrogen application in divided applications, base fertilizer accounts for 35%-50%, tiller fertilizer accounts for 25%-35%, panicle fertilizer accounts for 20%-30%, tiller fertilizer is appropriately postponed; all phosphate fertilizers are applied; potassium fertilizer is 50% as base fertilizer 50% as the ear fertilizer.
(3) It is recommended to return the straw to the field or increase the application of organic fertilizer. For the plots where the straw is returned to the field, the amount of potassium fertilizer can be reduced by 30%; for the field with organic fertilizer, the amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced.
(4) On the soil with strong acidity, 40-50 kg/mu of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime should be applied during the preparation of the soil.
(5) Appropriate application of zinc fertilizer in zinc-deficient areas.
(7) The double-season early rice in the hills of the South China Plain. Including southwestern Guangxi, southern Guangdong, Hainan and southeastern Fujian.
Fertilization principle
(1) Control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, adjust the base and the proportion of chasing, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, and implement the shift of nitrogen fertilizer.
(2) Deep application of base fertilizer, topdressing "with water with nitrogen".
(3) Phosphate fertilizer preferentially choose calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or calcium.
(4) Fields with a soil pH of 5.5 or less are suitably applied with a silicon-containing alkaline fertilizer or a base applied lime.
(5) Zinc deficiency field, submerged rice paddy field and low temperature and widowed area supplemented with trace element zinc fertilizer.
(6) Organic and inorganic compound application, promoting straw returning to the field.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 18-12-16 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The yield per mu is 350-450 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 26-33 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 13-20 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are respectively applied 5-8 kg/mu, 3-5 kg/ mu.
(3) The per mu production level is 450-550 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33-41 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 17-24 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and the ear grain fertilizer are respectively applied 7-10 kg/mu, 4-7 kg/ mu.
(4) The yield per mu is more than 550 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 41-48 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 22-29 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are respectively applied for 8-11 kg/mu, 5-8 kg/mu. .
(5) The yield per mu is below 350 kg, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20-25 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is 11-14 kg/mu, and the split fertilizer and panicle fertilizer are respectively applied 4-6 kg/mu, 3-5 kg/mu. .
(8) Single-season rice area in the southwest plateau mountains. Including all of Yunnan, southwestern Sichuan, most of Guizhou, western Hunan, and northwestern Guangxi.
Fertilization principle
(1) Add organic fertilizer, implement straw returning, and combine organic and inorganic.
(2) Adjust the ratio of base fertilizer to top dressing and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the previous period.
(3) Phosphorus-deficient soil should be properly applied to increase the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers.
(4) Rice fields with low potassium supply capacity, pay attention to potassium supplementation in the late growth stage of rice.
(5) In the field where the soil pH is below 5.5, an alkaline soil conditioner containing silicon-calcium or a base-based quicklime is suitably applied.
(6) Fertilizer application combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-13-15 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 400-500 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 26-33 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 6-6, 4-5 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 500-600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33-39 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is divided into 5-8, 5-6 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride. 1-2 kg / mu.
(4) The production level is 600 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 39-46 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 8-10, 6-7 kg/mu, and the grain fertilizer is applied to the potassium chloride. - 4 kg / mu.
(5) The production level is below 400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20-26 kg/mu. The fertilizer is divided into 4-6 and 3-4 kg/mu, respectively.
(6) In the zinc-deficient area, apply 1-2 kg of zinc sulphate per acre; apply 30-50 kg of siliceous alkaline fertilizer or quicklime per acre of the field with lower soil pH.
Third, spring corn
(1) The cold spring corn area in the northeast. Most of Heilongjiang and eastern Jilin.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil fertilization results, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(2) Nitrogen application in different stages, and high-yield fields should increase the proportion of potassium fertilizer application.
(3) According to the combination of climate and soil fertility conditions, agricultural machinery and agronomy, the combination of seed fertilizer and base fertilizer.
(4) Add organic fertilizer, promote the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and return the amount of straw to the field.
(5) Pay attention to the application of trace elements in sulfur and zinc, and increase the application of alkaline fertilizers in acidified soil.
(6) It is recommended that intercropping, intercropping or cropping of corn and soybeans, while reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer application, and adding organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 14-18-13 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 500-600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 23-28 kg/mu, and the urea application period is 11-13 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 600-700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 28-32 kg/mu, and the urea in the seven-leaf stage is 13-16 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is above 700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 32-37 kg/mu, and the application of urea in the seven-leaf stage is 16-18 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 18-23 kg/mu, and the urea application period is 9-11 kg/mu.
(2) The semi-humid spring corn area in the northeast. Southwest of Heilongjiang, central Jilin and northern Liaoning.
Fertilization principle
(1) Control the application amount of NPK fertilizer, apply nitrogen fertilizer in different times, appropriately reduce the amount of base fertilizer, and make full use of the effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(2) For the one-time fertilization plot, choose slow-release fertilizer, and appropriately increase the application of diammonium phosphate as seed fertilizer.
(3) Plots with high effective potassium content and low yield levels may be applied with or without potassium fertilizer when organic fertilizer is applied.
(4) The long-term application of chlorine-based compound fertilizer should be changed to sulfur-based compound fertilizer or sulfur-containing fertilizer.
(5) Increase the amount of organic fertilizer applied and increase the intensity of straw returning.
(6) Promote the application of high-yield and high-dense varieties and increase the planting density of corn reasonably.
(7) The no-stalk returning field can use the deep pine to break the bottom layer of the plow, promote root development and improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization.
(8) Covering the planting area, it may be considered to use slow-release fertilizers to reduce the number of top dressings when applying bottom (base) fertilizer.
(9) The lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme for medium and high fertility soil.
2. Base chasing combined fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 15-18-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 550-700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24-31 kg/mu, and the large flare period is 13-16 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 700-800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 31-35 kg/mu, and the large-flare period is about 16-18 kg/mu.
(4) The output level is 800 kg/mu or more, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35-40 kg/mu, and the large flare period is 18-21 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 550 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20-24 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 10-13 kg/mu.
3. One-time fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 29-13-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 550-700 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33-41 kg/mu, which is applied as a base fertilizer or a seed season.
(3) The production level is 700-800 kg/mu, requiring 30% release period of 50-60 days of slow-release nitrogen release, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 41-47 kg/mu, as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing .
(4) The production level of 800 kg/mu or more requires a 30% release period of 50-60 days of slow-release nitrogen release, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 47-53 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing.
(5) The production level is below 550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 27-33 kg/mu, which is applied as a base fertilizer or a seed season.
(3) Semi-arid spring maize area in Northeast China. Including western Jilin, northeastern Inner Mongolia, and southwestern Heilongjiang.
Fertilization principle
(1) Using organic and inorganic fertilizer combined with fertilization technology, the straw-covered no-tillage fertilization technology can be adopted in the aeolian sandy soil area.
(2) Deep application of nitrogen fertilizer, the depth of fertilization should reach 8-10 cm; divided fertilization, advocated the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the big horn period.
(3) Give full play to the coupling of water and fertilizer, use the synchronous law of maximum efficiency of corn for water and fertilizer demand, and apply nitrogen fertilizer combined with hydration.
(4) Master the principle of balanced fertilization, the proportion of NPK should be coordinated, and the zinc-deficient plot should pay attention to the application of zinc fertilizer.
(5) According to the soil characteristics of the region, physiological acid fertilizer should be used, and the fertilizer should be monoammonium phosphate.
(6) The lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme for medium and high fertility soil.
(7) Drip irrigation under film, it may be considered to use slow-release fertilizer in the application of bottom (base) fertilizer to reduce the number of drip irrigation.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 13-20-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 450-600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 25-33 kg/mu, and the large-flare period is about 10-14 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is above 600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33-38 kg/mu, and the urea is applied at 14-16 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is below 450 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 19-25 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 8-10 kg/mu.
(4) Warm and humid spring corn area in the northeast. Including most of Liaoning and northeastern Hebei.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil fertilization results, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(2) Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied in divided doses. Try not to use one-time fertilization, and increase the proportion and frequency of potash application in high-yield fields.
(3) Increase the intensity of straw returning to the field and increase the proportion of organic fertilizer applied.
(4) Pay attention to the application of trace elements in sulfur, zinc and the like.
(5) Fertilizer application must be combined with high-yield cultivation techniques such as deep pine and densification.
(6) The lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme for medium and high fertility soil.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-17-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is below 500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20-24 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 11-14 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 500-600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24-29 kg/mu, and the large-flare period is about 14-16 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is 600-700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 29-34 kg/mu, and the large flare period is about 16-19 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is above 700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 34-39 kg/mu, and the urea is applied at 19-22 kg/mu.
Fourth, the potato
(1) The northern potato area. Including Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil test results and target yield, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(2) Reduce the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application, increase the number of nitrogen fertilizer application, and strengthen the supply of nitrogen fertilizer during tuber formation and tuber expansion.
(3) According to the content of trace element nutrients in the soil, the amount of trace element fertilizer in the leaf surface of the potato during the vigorous growth period.
(4) Add organic fertilizer and promote the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers.
(5) Fertilizer application should be combined with pest control techniques, especially the prevention and treatment of diseases.
(6) Adopting the pipe irrigation mode such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, try to implement water and fertilizer integration.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) It is recommended that 11-18-16 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula be used as seed fertilizer, and urea and potassium sulfate (or nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer) as top dressing.
(2) The production level is more than 3000 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (fertilizer) is 60 kg/mu, and the application period of the seedling to the tuber expansion period is 18-20 kg/mu, and the potassium sulfate is 12-15 kg/mu. .
(3) The production level is 2000-3000 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (fertilizer) is 50 kg/mu, and the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period is applied with 15-18 kg/mu of urea and 8-12 kg of potassium sulfate. mu.
(4) The production level is 1000-2000 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (fertilizer) is 40 kg/mu. The seedling stage is 10-15 kg/mu of urea and 5-8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate.
(5) The production level is below 1000 kg/mu. It is recommended to apply 19-10-16 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula fertilizer 35-40 kg/mu, and apply once at the time of sowing.
(2) The southern spring is used as a potato area. Including Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing and other places.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the soil test results and target yield, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; optimize the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer according to soil fertility conditions.
(2) Add organic fertilizer, promote the application of organic and inorganic; avoid using organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed.
(3) According to the soil potassium condition, appropriate application of potassium fertilizer.
(4) Fertilizer distribution is based on base and chasing, and topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen and potassium.
(5) According to the content of trace element nutrients in the soil, the amount of trace element fertilizer in the leaf surface of the potato during the vigorous growth period.
(6) Fertilizer application should be combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques, especially attention to disease prevention and control.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) It is recommended that 13-15-17 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula be used as base fertilizer, urea and potassium sulfate (or nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer) as top dressing; or 15-10-20 (N-P2O5-K2O) ) or similar formula to do topdressing.
(2) The production level is 3000 kg/mu or more: the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (base fertilizer) is 60 kg/mu; the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period is 10-15 kg/mu of urea and 10-15 kg/mu of potassium sulfate. Or apply formula fertilizer (15-10-20) 20-25 kg / mu.
(3) The production level is 2000-3000 kg/mu: the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (base fertilizer) is 50 kg/mu; the seedling period to the tuber expansion period is 5-10 kg/mu, and the potassium sulfate is 8-12 kg/mu. , or apply formula fertilizer (15-10-20) 15-20 kg / mu.
(4) The production level is 1500-2000 kg/mu: the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (base fertilizer) is 40 kg/mu; the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period is applied 5-10 kg/mu urea, potassium sulfate 5-10 kg/mu , or apply formula fertilizer (15-10-20) 10-15 kg / mu.
(5) The production level is below 1500 kg/mu: the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer (base fertilizer) is recommended to be 40 kg/mu; the seedling stage to the tuber expansion period is to apply urea 3-5 kg/mu, potassium sulfate 4-5 kg/ Mu, or topdressing formula fertilizer (15-10-20) 10 kg / mu.
(6) Apply 2-3 square organic fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer; if organic fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer as appropriate.
(7) For soils deficient in boron or zinc, 1 kg/mu of borax or 1-2 kg/mu of zinc sulfate may be applied.
Five, rapeseed
(1) Winter rapeseed area in the Yangtze River Basin
Fertilization principle
(1) Due to the heavy rain in the autumn of 2018, the winter rapeseed cultivation period was delayed in most areas, and drought and low temperature were encountered after planting. The growth period of winter rape was generally delayed by about one week compared with previous years, and the proportion of weak seedlings was larger. At present, the winter rapeseed in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has entered the middle flowering stage, the winter rapeseed in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River has entered the early flowering stage, and the winter rapeseed in the three-crop winter system has entered the full flowering stage. It should be classified according to the soil nutrient status, current seedling condition and target yield level in different planting areas, and scientific fertilization. .
(2) In the case that the rapeseed has been closed, pay attention to water and fertilizer when topdressing.
(3) Strengthen field management, timely clear the ditch to prevent spring waterlogging, and improve nutrient utilization efficiency.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) In the case where the amount of base fertilizer is insufficient and the winter wax fertilizer should not be applied, especially for the live rapeseed which is weak in growth, and the quick-acting fertilizer is added as early as possible, the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, and the water-soluble compound fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer can be appropriately applied. (N) dosage 2-3 kg / mu, phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) dosage 0.5-1 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) dosage 1-2 kg / mu.
(2) For plots with insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the pod-forming stage, and generally spray 0.3-0.5 kg/mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the foliar surface to prevent premature senescence of rapeseed.
(3) According to the soil effective boron condition, supplement the boron fertilizer, pay attention to the use of qualified boron fertilizer, can be combined with the prevention and treatment of sclerotium disease for fertilizer spraying, generally foliar spray borax 0.2 kg / mu, the concentration of about 0.2%.
(4) In the acid soil area and high-yield area, magnesium deficiency occurs in recent years. It can be combined with the prevention and control of sclerotium disease during the flowering period. Generally, spraying magnesium sulfate 0.5-1.0 kg/mu, concentration 1-2 % can also be sprayed during the pod filling period.
(2) Northern Spring Rape District
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the regional soil nutrient status, make full use of the results of soil testing and formula fertilization technology, and scientific fertilization. The conditional area advocates the application of special formula fertilizer for spring rapeseed.
(2) The base fertilizer is applied to the soil 6-8 cm below.
(3) Replenishing boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and sulfur fertilizer.
(4) Add organic fertilizer and use the hydrothermal resources after rapeseed to grow green manure.
(5) Improve the quality of sowing and increase the planting density appropriately.
(6) Do a good job in soil collection and conservation, and use water and fertilizer synergy to improve nutrient use efficiency and promote rape growth.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) The production level is below 100 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) dosage 6 kg/mu; phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3 kg/mu; potassium fertilizer (K2O) 2 kg/mu; zinc sulfate 0.5 kg/mu; borax 0.5 kg/ mu.
(2) Production level 100-150 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 6-8 kg/mu; phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4 kg/mu; potassium fertilizer (K2O) 2.5 kg/mu; zinc sulfate 1 kg/mu; borax 0.5 Kg/mu.
（3）产é‡æ°´å¹³150-200公斤/亩以上：氮肥（N）8-9公斤/亩；磷肥（P2O5）5公斤/亩；钾肥（K2O）2.5公斤/亩；硫酸锌1.5公斤/äº©ï¼›ç¡¼ç ‚0.75公斤/亩。
（4）产é‡æ°´å¹³200公斤/亩以上：氮肥（N）9-11公斤/亩；磷肥（P2O5）5-6公斤/亩；钾肥（K2O）3.0公斤/亩；硫酸锌1.5公斤/äº©ï¼›ç¡¼ç ‚1.0公斤/亩。
（5）有æ¡ä»¶çš„区域，推è施用28-14-8（N-P2O5-K2O）或相近é…方的春油èœä¸“ç”¨è‚¥ï¼ˆåŠ ç¡¼å’Œé”Œï¼‰ï¼ŒæŽ¨è用é‡ä¸º20-30公斤/äº©ï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬ä¸€æ¬¡æ€§åŸºæ–½ã€‚æ ¹æ®è‹—情å¯åœ¨è‹”æœŸè¿½æ–½å°¿ç´ 2-5公斤/亩。
å…ã€åŒ—方大豆
1.施肥原则
（1ï¼‰æ ¹æ®æµ‹åœŸç»“果，控制氮肥用é‡ã€é€‚当å‡å°‘磷肥施用比例，对于高产大豆，å¯é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ é’¾è‚¥æ–½è‚¥é‡ï¼Œå¹¶æå€¡æ–½ç”¨æ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚。
（2）在å酸性土壤上，建议选择生ç†ç¢±æ€§è‚¥æ–™æˆ–生ç†ä¸æ€§è‚¥æ–™ï¼Œç£·è‚¥é€‰æ‹©é’™é•ç£·è‚¥ï¼Œé’™è‚¥é€‰æ‹©çŸ³ç°ã€‚
（3）æ倡侧深施肥，施肥ä½ç½®åœ¨ç§å侧方5-7厘米，ç§å下方5-8厘米；如åšä¸åˆ°ä¾§æ·±æ–½è‚¥å¯é‡‡ç”¨åˆ†å±‚施肥，施肥深度在ç§å下方3-4厘米å 1/3，6-8厘米å 2/3；难以åšåˆ°åˆ†å±‚施肥时，在北部高寒有机质å«é‡é«˜çš„地å—采å–侧施肥，其它地区采å–深施肥，尤其磷肥è¦é›†ä¸æ·±æ–½åˆ°ç§å下方10厘米。
（4）补施硼肥和钼肥，在缺ä¹ç—‡çŠ¶è¾ƒè½»åœ°åŒºï¼Œé’¼è‚¥å¯é‡‡å–æ‹Œç§çš„æ–¹å¼ï¼Œæœ€å¥½å’Œæ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚æ··åˆæ‹Œç§ï¼Œæ高接瘤效率。
（5）在“镰刀弯â€ç§æ¤åŒºåŸŸå’ŒçŽ‰ç±³æ”¹ç§å¤§è±†åŒºåŸŸï¼Œè¦å¤§å¹…å‡å°‘氮肥施用é‡ã€æŽ§åˆ¶ç£·è‚¥ç”¨é‡ï¼Œå¢žæ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥ã€ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ å’Œæ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚。
2.施肥建议
（1）ä¾æ®å¤§è±†å…»åˆ†éœ€æ±‚，氮磷钾（N-P2O5-K2O）施用比例在高肥力土壤为1：1.2：0.3-0.5；在低肥力土壤å¯é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ æ°®é’¾ç”¨é‡ï¼Œæ°®ç£·é’¾æ–½ç”¨æ¯”例为1：1：0.3-0.7。
（2ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡130-150公斤/亩，氮肥（N）2-3公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）2-3公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）1-2公斤/亩。
（3ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡150-175公斤/亩，氮肥（N）3-4公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）3-4公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2-3公斤/亩。
（4ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡å¤§äºŽ175公斤/亩，氮肥（N）3 -4公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）4-5公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2-3公斤/亩。在低肥力土壤å¯é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ æ°®é’¾ç”¨é‡ï¼Œæ°®ç£·é’¾æ–½ç”¨é‡ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）4-5公斤/亩ã€ç£·è‚¥ï¼ˆP2O5）5-6公斤/亩ã€é’¾è‚¥ï¼ˆK2O）2-3公斤/亩。
（5）高产区或土壤钼ã€ç¡¼ç¼ºä¹åŒºåŸŸï¼Œåº”补施硼肥和钼肥；在缺ä¹ç—‡çŠ¶è¾ƒè½»åœ°åŒºï¼Œå¯é‡‡å–微肥拌ç§çš„æ–¹å¼ã€‚æå€¡æ–½ç”¨å¤§è±†æ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚。
七ã€èŠ±ç”Ÿ
1.施肥原则
（1）ä¸ä½Žäº§ç”°å¢žæ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥ï¼ŒæŽ§åˆ¶æ°®è‚¥å’Œç£·è‚¥ç”¨é‡ã€é€‚å½“å¢žåŠ é’¾è‚¥ç”¨é‡ï¼Œæ倡é…åˆæ–½ç”¨èŠ±ç”Ÿæ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚。
（2）基肥为主，追肥为辅。基肥氮磷钾å‡è¡¡æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œè¿½è‚¥ä»¥æ°®é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ã€‚é‡‡ç”¨åœ°è†œè¦†ç›–æ ½åŸ¹æ€»æ–½è‚¥é‡æ高20%。æ倡水肥一体化追肥。
（3）补充钙肥和硼ã€é’¼ã€é“肥。在缺钙和微é‡å…ƒç´ 地区，酸性土壤钙肥å¯ä»¥é€‰ç”¨é’™é•ç£·è‚¥ï¼Œä¸æ€§å’Œç¢±æ€§åœŸå£¤é€‰ç”¨è¿‡ç£·é…¸é’™ï¼Œä¹Ÿå¯ä»¥é‡‡ç”¨æ°´æº¶æ€§é’™è‚¥å¶é¢å–·æ–½ã€‚é’¼ã€ç¡¼ç‰å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ å¯é‡‡å–æ‹Œç§æˆ–ä¸Žæ ¹ç˜¤èŒå‰‚æ··åˆæ‹Œç§æ–¹å¼ï¼Œæ高接瘤效率。石ç°æ€§åœŸå£¤è¡¥æ–½é“肥。
（4）å¤èŠ±ç”Ÿå¯é€‚当å‡å°‘化肥用é‡ã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）推èé…方。基肥13-15-17ã€10-13-13或相近é…æ–¹å¤æ··åˆè‚¥ï¼›è¿½è‚¥ç”¨25-0-5或相近é…方氮钾å¤æ··åˆè‚¥æˆ–å•è´¨æ°®é’¾è‚¥ã€‚
（2）基肥用é‡ã€‚ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡150-200公斤/亩，基施é…方肥推è用é‡30-35公斤/äº©ï¼›ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡200-300公斤/亩，基施é…方肥推è用é‡35-40公斤/亩；（3ï¼‰ç›®æ ‡äº§é‡300-400公斤/亩，基施é…方肥推è用é‡40-45公斤/亩。
（3）追肥用é‡ã€‚å¯æ ¹æ®æƒ…况在花生开花下针期追施25-0-5é…方肥20公斤/亩。
（4）ç§è‚¥æ–½ç”¨ã€‚在肥力较低的地å—建议å¦æ–½ç§è‚¥ï¼Œå¯ä»¥æ–½ç”¨ç£·é…¸äºŒé“µ5公斤/亩。
å…«ã€æ£‰èŠ±
（一）黄淮海棉区
1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥，æ倡有机替代比例15%å·¦å³,但ä¸é«˜äºŽ30%。
（2）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›æ¡ä»¶ï¼Œé€‚当调å‡æ°®ç£·åŒ–肥用é‡ï¼Œåˆç†æ–½ç”¨é’¾è‚¥ï¼Œæ³¨æ„硼和锌的é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（3ï¼‰æ°®è‚¥åˆ†æœŸæ–½ç”¨ï¼Œå¢žåŠ ç”Ÿè‚²ä¸æœŸçš„氮肥施用比例，é™ä½ŽåŸºè‚¥æ¯”例。
（4）肥料施用应与çŒæº‰é˜²æ¶æŠ€æœ¯å’Œå…¶ä»–é«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）亩产皮棉85-100公斤的æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ä¼˜è´¨æœ‰æœºè‚¥1.5å¨å·¦å³ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）12-14公斤，磷肥（P2O5）6-8公斤，钾肥（K2O）6-8公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，注æ„补施硼ã€é”Œè‚¥ï¼Œç¡¼è‚¥ï¼ˆç¡¼ç ‚）ã€é”Œè‚¥ï¼ˆç¡«é…¸é”Œï¼‰ç”¨é‡æ¯äº©ç”¨é‡1-2公斤，硼肥å¶ç‰‡å–·æ–½ï¼šäº©ç”¨é‡100-150克水溶性硼肥，在现蕾-开花期进行。
（2）氮肥25%-30%用作基肥，25%-30%用在åˆèŠ±æœŸï¼Œ25%-30%用在盛花期，10%-25%用作盖顶肥；15%磷肥åšç§è‚¥ï¼Œ85%磷肥作基肥；钾肥全部用作基肥或基追（åˆèŠ±æœŸï¼‰å„åŠã€‚从盛花期开始，对长势弱的棉田，结åˆæ–½è¯æ··å–·0.5%-1.0%å°¿ç´ å’Œ0.3%-0.5%磷酸二氢钾溶液50-75公斤/亩，æ¯éš”7-10天喷一次，连ç»å–·æ–½2-3次。
（二）长江ä¸ä¸‹æ¸¸æ£‰åŒº
1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥，æ倡有机替代比例15%å·¦å³,但ä¸é«˜äºŽ30%。
（2）ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›çŠ¶å†µå’Œè‚¥æ•ˆå应，适当调å‡æ°®ç£·åŒ–肥用é‡ï¼Œç¨³å®šé’¾è‚¥ç”¨é‡ã€‚
（3）土壤硼ã€é”Œæ˜Žæ˜¾ç¼ºä¹çš„棉田应基施硼肥和锌肥；潜在缺ä¹çš„应注é‡æ ¹å¤–追施硼ã€é”Œè‚¥ã€‚
（4ï¼‰å¯¹äºŽè‚²è‹—ç§»æ ½æ£‰ç”°ï¼Œç£·é’¾è‚¥é‡‡ç”¨ç©´æ–½æˆ–æ¡æ–½ç‰é›†ä¸æ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（5）肥料施用应与çŒæº‰é˜²æ¶æŠ€æœ¯å’Œå…¶ä»–é«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）皮棉亩产在90-110公斤的æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨ä¼˜è´¨æœ‰æœºè‚¥1-2å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）13-15公斤，磷肥（P2O5）6-7公斤，钾肥（K2O）10-12公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，注æ„è¡¥æ–½ç¡¼ç ‚1.0-2.0公斤/亩和硫酸锌1.5-2.0公斤/亩。低产田适当调低施肥é‡20%å·¦å³ã€‚
（2）氮肥25%-30%作基施，25%-30%用作åˆèŠ±æœŸè¿½è‚¥ï¼Œ25%-30%用作盛花期追肥，15%-20%用作铃期追肥；磷肥全部作为基施；钾肥60%用作基施，40%用作åˆèŠ±æœŸè¿½è‚¥ã€‚从盛花期开始对长势较弱的棉田，喷施0.5%-1.0%å°¿ç´ å’Œ0.3%-0.5%磷酸二氢钾溶液25-50公斤/亩，æ¯éš”7-10天喷一次，连ç»å–·æ–½2-3次。
（三）西北棉区
1.施肥原则
（1）充分利用有机肥资æºï¼Œå¢žæ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥ï¼Œæ£‰ç§†100%还田。
（2）适当调整氮肥用é‡ã€å¢žåŠ 生育ä¸æœŸæ–½ç”¨æ¯”例，åˆç†æ–½ç”¨ç£·ã€é’¾è‚¥ã€‚
（3ï¼‰æ–½è‚¥ä¸Žé«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå°¤å…¶è¦é‡è§†æ°´è‚¥ä¸€ä½“化调控。
2.施肥建议
（1）膜下滴çŒæ£‰ç”°ï¼šçš®æ£‰äº©äº§åœ¨120-150公斤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼50-75公斤，氮肥（N）20-22公斤，磷肥（P2O5）8-10公斤，钾肥（K2O）5-6公斤；皮棉亩产在150-180公斤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼75-100公斤，氮肥（N）22-24公斤，磷肥（P2O5）10-12公斤，钾肥（K2O）6-8公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，补施水溶性好的硼肥1.0-2.0公斤/亩，硫酸锌1.5-2.0公斤/亩。硼肥适宜å¶é¢å–·æ–½ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡100-150克。锌肥å¯ä»¥åšåŸºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡1-2公斤。
氮肥基肥å 总é‡25%å·¦å³ï¼Œè¿½è‚¥å 75%å·¦å³ï¼ˆçŽ°è•¾æœŸ15%，开花期20%，花铃期30%,棉铃膨大期10%），磷肥ã€é’¾è‚¥åŸºè‚¥å 50%å·¦å³ï¼Œå…¶ä»–作追肥。全生育期追肥次数8次左å³ï¼Œä»ŽçŽ°è•¾æœŸå¼€å§‹è¿½è‚¥ï¼Œä¸€æ°´ä¸€è‚¥ã€‚å‰æœŸæ°®å¤šç£·å°‘，ä¸åŽæœŸç£·å¤šæ°®å°‘，结åˆæ»´çŒç³»ç»Ÿå®žè¡ŒçŒæº‰æ–½è‚¥ã€‚æ倡选用水溶肥作追肥，但è¦é…åˆå°¿ç´ 施用。一般å‰æœŸå°¿ç´ 与水溶肥用é‡æ¯”例2:1，ä¸åŽæœŸå°¿ç´ 与水溶肥用é‡æ¯”例1:1，8月底开始åªæ–½ç”¨ä¸“用肥。
（2）常规çŒæº‰ï¼ˆæ·¹çŒæˆ–沟çŒï¼‰æ£‰ç”°ï¼šçš®æ£‰äº©äº§åœ¨90-110公斤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼50公斤或优质有机肥1-1.5å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）18-20公斤，磷肥（P2O5）7-8公斤，钾肥（K2O）2-3公斤；皮棉亩产在110-130公斤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹ï¼Œäº©æ–½ç”¨æ£‰ç±½é¥¼75-100公斤或优质有机肥1.5-2.0å¨ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）20-23公斤，磷肥（P2O5）8-10公斤，钾肥（K2O）3-6公斤。对于硼ã€é”Œç¼ºä¹çš„棉田，注æ„补施硼ã€é”Œè‚¥ã€‚
地é¢çŒæº‰æ£‰ç”°45%-50%的氮肥用作基施，50%-55%作追肥施用。30%的氮肥用在åˆèŠ±æœŸï¼Œ20%-25%的氮肥用在盛花期。50%-60%的磷钾肥用作基施，40%-50%用作追肥。硼肥è¦å¶é¢å–·æ–½ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡100-150克。锌肥åšåŸºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡1-2公斤。
ä¹ã€æžœæ ‘
（一）柑橘
1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥料，实施橘å›è¡Œé—´ç§æ¤ç»¿è‚¥ã€ç”Ÿè‰è¦†ç›–，培肥土壤ã€ä¿æŒæ°´åœŸï¼›åœŸå£¤é…¸åŒ–严é‡çš„æžœå›æ–½ç”¨ç¢±æ€§è°ƒç†å‰‚和有机肥进行改良。
（2ï¼‰æ ¹æ®æŸ‘橘å›åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›å’Œä¸åŒç†ŸæœŸæŸ‘橘å“ç§åŠäº§é‡æ°´å¹³ï¼Œé€‚当调å‡æ°®ç£·é’¾è‚¥ç”¨é‡ï¼›åœ¨å—方酸性土壤上注æ„补充é•ã€é’™ã€ç¡¼ã€é”Œç‰ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ ，尤其是在春å£æŸ‘橘èŒèŠ½å‰åŠå¼€èŠ±å‰åŽè¡¥å……硼和锌。
（3）肥水管ç†åº”ä¸Žç»¿è‰²é«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç»“åˆï¼Œæ˜¥å£æ–½è‚¥å‰æ³¨æ„æžœæ ‘çš„æ•´å½¢ä¿®å‰ªï¼Œå¤å£æ˜“出现高温ä¼æ—±ï¼Œæ倡柑橘å›ç”Ÿè‰è¦†ç›–和穴贮肥水技术，有æ¡ä»¶çš„æžœå›æ倡水肥一体化技术；秋å£æ³¨æ„深施有机肥。
2.施肥建议
（1）施用有机肥5-10公斤/æ ª,或者施用农家肥2-4æ–¹/äº©ï¼›æ ‘åŠ¿å¼±æˆ–è‚¥åŠ›ä½Žçš„åœŸå£¤å¤šæ–½ç”¨ã€‚å…¨éƒ¨æœ‰æœºè‚¥ä½œåŸºè‚¥æœ€å¥½äºŽç§‹å£æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œç§‹å£æœªæ–½ç”¨çš„在春å£2-3月åŠæ—©æ–½å…¥ï¼ˆå°¤å…¶æ˜¯æ™šç†ŸæŸ‘橘在秋å£ä¸æ–¹ä¾¿æ–½ç”¨çš„情况下应在春å£è¡¥æ–½ï¼‰ï¼Œé‡‡ç”¨å¼€æ²Ÿæˆ–挖穴方法施用。
（2）亩产1500公斤以下的果å›ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）10-15公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）5-7公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）10-15公斤/亩。亩产1500-3000公斤的果å›ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）15-20公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）6-8公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）15-20公斤/亩；亩产3000公斤以上的果å›ï¼Œæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）20-25公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）8-10公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）20-25公斤/亩。
（3）化肥分3-4次施用，第一次是秋施基肥，在上年9月到11月（晚熟å“ç§æœ€å¥½åœ¨9月施用，其他å“ç§åœ¨é‡‡æžœå‰åŽæ–½ç”¨ï¼‰æ°®ç£·é’¾é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼›ç¬¬äºŒæ¬¡æ˜¯æ˜¥å£æ–½èŒèŠ½è‚¥ï¼ŒäºŽ2-3月èŒèŠ½å‰è¿½è‚¥ï¼Œä»¥æ°®è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»é…åˆç£·é’¾è‚¥ï¼›åœ¨5æœˆæ ¹æ®æŒ‚果情况酌情施用稳果肥；第三次是å¤å£æ–½å£®æžœè‚¥ï¼ŒäºŽ7月果实膨大期施用，以钾肥为主é…åˆæ°®ç£·è‚¥ã€‚
（4）针对性施用ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ 肥料。缺硼ã€é”Œå’Œç¼ºé’™çš„柑橘å›ï¼Œåœ¨æ˜¥å£èŒèŠ½å‰æ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨ç¡«é…¸é”Œ1-1.5公斤ã€ç¡¼ç ‚0.5-1.0公斤ã€ç¡é…¸é’™30公斤；缺ä¹ä¸¥é‡çš„æžœå›è¿˜åº”在花期å¶é¢å–·æ–½2-3次0.2%ç¡¼ç ‚ï¼Œå¹¼æžœæœŸå–·2-3次0.3%的钙肥。缺é•çš„柑橘å›ï¼Œåœ¨å¹¼æžœæœŸæ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨ç¡«é…¸é•20-30公斤，在秋施肥时钙é•ç£·è‚¥30公斤与有机肥é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（二）苹果
1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥，æå€¡æœ‰æœºæ— æœºé…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼›ä¾æ®åœŸå£¤æµ‹è¯•å’Œæ ‘相，适当调å‡æ°®ç£·é’¾åŒ–肥用é‡ï¼›æ³¨æ„å¢žåŠ é’™ã€é•ã€ç¡¼å’Œé”Œçš„施用。
（2）秋å£å·²ç»æ–½åŸºè‚¥çš„æžœå›ï¼ŒèŒèŠ½å‰ä¸æ–½è‚¥æˆ–少施肥。秋å£æœªæ–½åŸºè‚¥çš„æžœå›ï¼Œä¸€æ˜¯å‚照秋å£æ–½è‚¥å»ºè®®åœ¨èŒèŠ½å‰å°½æ—©æ–½å…¥ï¼Œæ—©æ˜¥å¹²æ—±ç¼ºæ°´äº§åŒºè¦åœ¨æ–½è‚¥åŽè¡¥å……水分以利于养分å¸æ”¶åˆ©ç”¨ï¼›äºŒæ˜¯åœ¨èŒèŠ½å‰ï¼ˆ3月上旬开始）喷3é1-3%çš„å°¿ç´ ï¼ˆæµ“åº¦å‰é«˜åŽä½Žï¼‰åŠ 适é‡ç™½ç³–（约1%）和其他缺ä¹çš„å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ åŠé˜²éœœå†»å‰‚ä»¥å¢žåŠ è´®è—养分，利于å‡è½»æ—©æ˜¥æ™šéœœå†»å±å®³ã€‚
（3ï¼‰ä¸Žé«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå¦‚å¹³åŽŸåœ°èµ·åž„æ ½åŸ¹ã€ç”Ÿè‰æŠ€æœ¯ã€ä¸‹åž‚æžœæžä¿®å‰ªæŠ€æœ¯ä»¥åŠå£èœ‚授粉技术ç‰ã€‚黄土高原ç‰å¹²æ—±çš„区域è¦ä¸Žåœ°è†œï¼ˆå›è‰ºåœ°å¸ƒï¼‰ç‰è¦†ç›–结åˆã€‚
（4）土壤酸化的果å›å¯é€šè¿‡æ–½ç”¨ç¡…é’™é•è‚¥æˆ–石ç°ç‰å…¶ä»–土壤改良剂改良土壤。
2.施肥建议
（1）亩产2500公斤以下果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）5-7.5公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）3-3.5公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）7.5-10公斤/亩；亩产2500-4000公斤果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）7.5-15公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）3.5-7公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）10-17.5公斤/亩；亩产4000公斤以上果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）10-17.5公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）4.5-10公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）12.5-20公斤/亩。
（2）化肥分3-6次施用，第一次在3月ä¸æ—¬åˆ°4月ä¸æ—¬ï¼Œä»¥æ°®é’™è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œå»ºè®®æ–½ç”¨ä¸€æ¬¡ç¡é…¸é“µé’™ï¼Œäº©ç”¨é‡30-50公斤；第二次在果实套袋å‰åŽï¼ˆ5月底到6月åˆï¼‰ï¼Œæ°®ç£·é’¾é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼Œå»ºè®®æ–½ç”¨17-10-18苹果é…方肥；6月ä¸æ—¬ä»¥åŽå»ºè®®è¿½è‚¥2-4次；å‰æœŸä»¥æ°®é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œå¢žåŠ 钾肥用é‡ï¼Œå»ºè®®æ–½ç”¨16-6-20é…方肥；åŽæœŸä»¥é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œé…åˆå°‘é‡æ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆæ°®è‚¥ç”¨é‡æ ¹æ®æžœå®žå¤§å°ç¡®å®šï¼Œæžœå®žè¾ƒå¤§çš„一定è¦å‡å°‘氮肥用é‡ï¼Œä¸”å¢žåŠ é’™è‚¥ç‰ç”¨é‡ï¼‰ã€‚干旱区域建议采用窄沟多沟施肥方法，多雨区域å¯æ”¾å°„沟法或撒施。
（3）土壤缺锌ã€ç¡¼çš„æžœå›ï¼ŒèŒèŠ½å‰åŽæ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨ç¡«é…¸é”Œ1-1.5公斤ã€ç¡¼ç ‚0.5-1.0公斤；在花期和幼果期å¶é¢å–·æ–½0.3%ç¡¼ç ‚ã€æžœå®žå¥—袋å‰å–·3次0.3%的钙肥。土壤酸化的果å›ï¼Œæ¯äº©æ–½ç”¨çŸ³ç°150-200公斤或硅钙é•è‚¥50-100公斤。
（三）梨
1.施肥原则
（1）增施有机肥料，实施梨å›ç”Ÿè‰ã€è¦†è‰ï¼ŒåŸ¹è‚¥åœŸå£¤ï¼›åœŸå£¤é…¸åŒ–严é‡çš„æžœå›æ–½ç”¨çŸ³ç°å’Œæœ‰æœºè‚¥è¿›è¡Œæ”¹è‰¯ã€‚
（2）ä¾æ®æ¢¨å›åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›æ¡ä»¶å’Œæ¢¨æ ‘生长状况，适当å‡å°‘氮磷肥用é‡ï¼Œå¢žåŠ 钾肥施用，通过å¶é¢å–·æ–½è¡¥å……é’™ã€é•ã€é“ã€é”Œã€ç¡¼ç‰ä¸å¾®é‡å…ƒç´ 。
（3）结åˆé«˜äº§ä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ã€äº§é‡æ°´å¹³å’ŒåœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›æ¡ä»¶ï¼Œç¡®å®šè‚¥æ–™æ–½ç”¨æ—¶æœŸã€ç”¨é‡å’Œå…ƒç´ é…比。
（4）优化施肥方å¼ï¼Œæ”¹æ’’施为æ¡æ–½æˆ–穴施，结åˆçŒæº‰æ–½è‚¥ï¼Œä»¥æ°´è°ƒè‚¥ã€‚
2.施肥建议
（1）亩产2000公斤以下果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）8-10公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）6-8公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）9-11公斤/亩；亩产2000-4000公斤果å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）10-18公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）6-12公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）12-20公斤/亩。
（2）化肥分3-5次施用，第一次在5月ä¸æ—¬ï¼Œæ°®ç£·é’¾é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ï¼›6月ä¸æ—¬ä»¥åŽå»ºè®®è¿½è‚¥2-4次；å‰æœŸä»¥æ°®é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œå¢žåŠ 钾肥用é‡ï¼Œå»ºè®®æ–½ç”¨20-5-20é…方肥；åŽæœŸä»¥é’¾è‚¥ä¸ºä¸»ï¼Œé…åˆå°‘é‡æ°®è‚¥ã€‚
（3ï¼‰æ ¹å¤–è¿½è‚¥ï¼šç¡¼ã€é”Œã€é“ç‰ç¼ºä¹çš„梨å›å¯ç”¨0.2%ç¡¼ç ‚æº¶æ¶²ã€0.2%硫酸锌ã€0.3%å°¿ç´ æ··åˆæ¶²ï¼ˆæˆ–0.3%硫酸亚é“）和0.3%å°¿ç´ æº¶æ¶²äºŽå‘芽å‰è‡³ç››å¤§èŠ±æœŸå¤šæ¬¡å–·æ–½ï¼Œéš”周一次。
（四）桃
1.施肥原则
（1ï¼‰åŠ å¼ºæœ‰æœºè‚¥æ–½ç”¨æ¯”ä¾‹ï¼Œä¾æ®åœŸå£¤è‚¥åŠ›å’Œæ—©ä¸æ™šç†Ÿå“ç§åŠäº§é‡æ°´å¹³ï¼Œåˆç†è°ƒæŽ§æ°®ç£·é’¾è‚¥æ–½ç”¨æ°´å¹³ï¼Œæ³¨æ„é’™ã€é•ã€ç¡¼å’Œé”Œæˆ–é“肥的é…åˆæ–½ç”¨ã€‚
（2）ä¸åŒå“ç§æžœæ ‘春å£è¿½è‚¥æ—¶æœŸè¦æœ‰å·®åˆ«ï¼Œæ—©ç†Ÿå“ç§è¾ƒæ™šç†Ÿå“ç§è¿½è‚¥æ—¶æœŸæ—©ï¼Œæ›´è¦åŠ 强秋施基肥，其春å£è¿½è‚¥æ¬¡æ•°æ¯”晚熟å“ç§å°‘。
（3ï¼‰ä¸Žä¼˜è´¨æ ½åŸ¹æŠ€æœ¯ç›¸ç»“åˆï¼Œå¤å£æ˜“出现æ¶å®³çš„平原地区需注æ„结åˆèµ·åž„ã€è¦†è†œæˆ–æžœå›ç”Ÿè‰æŠ€æœ¯ï¼›å¹²æ—±åœ°åŒºæ倡采用地表覆盖和穴贮肥水技术。
2.施肥建议
（1）早熟å“ç§ã€åœŸå£¤è‚¥æ²ƒã€æ ‘龄å°ã€æ ‘势强的果å›æ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥1-2æ–¹/亩；晚熟å“ç§ã€åœŸå£¤ç˜ è–„ã€æ ‘龄大ã€æ ‘势弱的果å›æ–½æœ‰æœºè‚¥2-4æ–¹/亩。
（2）产é‡æ°´å¹³1500公斤/亩的桃å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）8-10公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）5-8公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）10-13公斤/亩；产é‡æ°´å¹³2000公斤/亩的桃å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）13-16公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）7-10公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）15-18公斤/亩；产é‡æ°´å¹³3000公斤/亩的桃å›ï¼šæ°®è‚¥ï¼ˆN）16-18公斤/亩，磷肥（P2O5）10-12公斤/亩，钾肥（K2O）18-21公斤/亩。
（3）全部有机肥作基肥最好于秋å£æ–½ç”¨ï¼Œç§‹å£æœªæ–½ç”¨çš„在春å£åœŸå£¤
Cutting is an essential basic tool in the processing of ceramic components. Laser cutting technology has been favored for its non-contact, flexible, high efficiency and easy to achieve digital control. It is hoped that this high-energy beam processing method can be treated like metal materials. Complete the non-destructive cutting of ceramics. With laser as processing energy, the development potential in hard and brittle ceramic processing has been seen. It can realize contactless processing and reduce the damage caused by contact stress to ceramics. Ceramics have higher absorption rate for laser, focusing The energy of the high-energy laser beam acting on the local area of the ceramic can exceed 108 J/cm2, and the material can be melted and evaporated in an instant to achieve high-efficiency processing.
Laser Cutting Ceramics,Alumina Ceramic Substrate Sheet,Tobacco Laser Cutting Nozzle,Machinable Ceramic Filter
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