Effects of Exogenous Chemical Substances on Fertility of Thermo-photo-sensitive Genic Male Sterility Line C49S in Wheat

Journal of Wheat Crops 2001, 21(1): Effects of Exogenous Chemical Substances on Fertility of Thermo-photo-sensitive Genic Male-sterile C49S Lines in Wheat ZHANG Jian-kui, FENG Li1, LUO Dan, YU Guo-dong2, SHI You-ming2, LI Bo-qun2 (1. Southwest Agriculture College of Agronomy, Chongqing 40071, China 2Crop Research Institute of Chongqing, Chongqing 402160, China) Effects of chemical substances such as calcium (CaCk) on the fertility of the thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile sterile line C49S in wheat. The results showed that IANAANAGA3 had improved the seed setting rate of C49S in early-seeding infertility (Chongqing October 30 seeding) and late-seeding fertile (Chongqing December 10 seeding) to varying degrees. Ethephon has a strong inhibitory effect on the fertility of C49S, while AVG has a significant role in promoting fertility. Love over collection and Ca2 have a certain degree of improvement in the seed setting rate of C49S. Therefore, it is believed that there is a close relationship between the fertility conversion of C49S and the comprehensive balance of hormones. Ethephon or other chemical maleicides can be used to control the trace fertile pollen that may be present in C49S CMS lines at abnormally high temperatures to increase the seed purity; GASAVGIAANAA can be used to increase the seed setting rate of C49S during self-cross breeding. And the seed fullness fund project: funded by Chongqing Municipal Youth Science and Technology Expert Fund and the National Science and Technology Commission's "Ninth Five-Year Plan" key scientific and technological projects.

194 Zhang Yiyi Qiao Xi Zhiren Gentleman's work on reverse cropping of crops in the mt cemetery has shown that the occurrence of male infertility has a close relationship with certain phytohormones Walker (1961) found that long days and application of growth The primordial primrose can cause male infertility, and Phatak (1966) showed that short days and gibberellins can normalize the anthers of a tomato stamen mutant. There are also many reports of ethylene-induced infertility in wheat and rice, and the use of plant hormones for "chemical breeding" has been applied to the production of certain crops (Wang et al., 1981). Nowadays, from the balance of plant endogenous hormones, Hormone receptor complexes and other perspectives to study and regulate the expression of fertility have become an important issue in the field of male infertility. Wheat thermo-sensitive genic sterile dual-use system C49S has low temperature and short-day infertility, fertility under long-term high temperature The characteristics of the application of wheat in the two-line heterosis utilization has broad application prospects (Tan Changhua et al., 1992). Research shows that C49S is based on temperature-sensitive ecological genetic genic male sterile line (He Liren et al., 1996; Zhang Jiankui et al., 1999a). , 1999b) Because the fertility of C49S is mainly controlled by temperature, and the temperature conditions vary greatly between different years and regions, there is a certain risk in the utilization of heterosis, and in case of special years, it is encountered in booting or heading stage. Abnormally high temperature leads to a decrease in C49S sterility, affecting the purity of hybrid seed production; at the same time, when C49S propagates in late sowing, the self-residue seed setting rate and yield are both Low conventional wheat, if encountered in booting or abnormal cold heading, it causes serious production. The problem of fertility stability of C49S is one of the problems that needs to be seriously considered and solved in large areas of production (Zhang Jiankui et al., 1999a). Whether or not phytohormones are involved in the regulation of fertility conversion of thermosensitive male sterile wheat C49S? It is possible to find a plant hormone or other chemical that regulates the conversion of fertility within a range of temperature and light conditions, thereby reducing the risk in production applications. These are worthy of study. This experiment involves the application of several plant hormones. With the method of chemical substances, a preliminary discussion of the above-mentioned issues was conducted.

1 Materials and methods 1.1 Materials for temperature-sensitive photoperiodic male sterility Dual-purpose wheat C49S was selected and provided by Chongqing Crop Research.

1.2 Test methods 1.2.1 Cultivation methods and temperature and light control The three growing seasons from the autumn of 1997 to the summer of 2000 were drilled in the field of Beibei, Chongqing. The sowing date method was adopted to control the temperature and light conditions. The annual sowing (early sowing period) on October 30 was low temperature and short days, the C49S showed a high degree of infertility, and the sowing on December 10 (late sowing date) was a high temperature long day, C49S. It is highly fertile. Water and fertilizer management are performed according to local routine methods.

2 Four types of chemical substances were used in the test of exogenous chemical substances: Phytohormones Indoleacetic acid (IAA) Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) Gibberellin (GA3) Ethephon (CEPA, ethylene release agent) G, Ethylene biosynthesis Inhibitor, also known as ethylene glycol bis (a-amino) ether tetraacetic acid) plant growth regulator love more income (active ingredient is mononitrate guaiacol sodium, 1.8% stock solution, is a plant cell activating agent) 3 Trial design and treatment methods Three concentrations of each agent were set (Table 1). Spray water was used as a control and the leaves were sprayed on C49S sterile line (early sowing date) and fertile line (late sowing date). . Spraying at the booting stage for the first time, spraying for the second time after 5 days, each dosage is equivalent to 900kg/hm! Randomized block design, 3 times repeated flowering before bagging, timely bagging before grouting, and the calculation of seed setting rate and sterility in the harvest room during mature period. 20 treatments were taken for each treatment and the seed setting rate of each main stem was counted. And sterility: Seed setting rate = development per panicle, normal flowering florets, number 10, temperature-sensitive genic sterility, dual use, C49S, high sterility in short-day conditions of low temperature and short days of early sowing (10th October sowing). Fertility was 93.9% of cancer late sowing was similar to February's long-term condition of M. candidum in prison. The rate of highly fertile ramie was at 9%//with the effect of the source chemical on the fertility of the C49S CMS line. CEPAAVG Subsequent to the treatment of CMS and fertile lines by 7 chemical substances such as Saccharomyces and CaCb, the fertility rate has changed significantly (Table 1) 2.1 Early sowing and low temperature short days, the appearance of C49S after external chemical treatment Sexual chemical substances Chemicals concentration early sowing (sowing on October 30) Infertility conditions, using 7 chemical substances to treat C49S sterile lines, the results show that in the drug, drug concentration X, sterility reached extremely significant Difference, indicating exogenous plant hormones, plant hormone inhibitors, plant growth regulation The agent has a significant effect on the fertility expression of the C49S CMS line.

Ethylene release agent ethephon exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the fertility expression of the C49S CMS line, and the sterility was further increased from 93.96% of the control to 99.67. In contrast, after the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor AVG was treated, the C49S was not. Fertility decreased significantly to 87.52%. This indicates that ethylene plays an important role in the fertility expression of C49S CMS lines. Exogenous ethylene has a significant maleicidal effect and can be used as an adjuvant to kill males when the temperature and light conditions are not favorable to the sterility of the C49S male sterile line. After treatment with the plant hormone IANAAAGA3 and the plant growth regulators Aitoroxin and CaCl2, The sterility of the C49S CMS was significant 2.2. The sowing rate of the C49S fertility was influenced by the exogenous chemical substances under high temperature and long daylight conditions. After the treatment of the 7 exogenous chemicals, the seed setting rate of the C49S fertile line was between the drugs. Drug X concentrations were significantly different, indicating that exogenous phytohormones also had a significant effect on the fertility expression of the C49S fertile line. After ethephon treatment, the fertility rate of the C49S fertile line was extremely reduced from 63.96% to 0.65%. After the ethylene inhibitor AVG was almost completely infertile, the fertility rate of the C49S fertile line was significantly increased to 77.52%, which was 13.56% higher than the control. This shows that ethylene is equally important in the fertility expression of the C49S fertile line. The role of excess ethylene is not conducive to the development of C49S pollen, while the ethylene inhibitor AVG promotes the fertility of C49S expression plant hormone GA3IAANAA and plant growth regulators love more and CaCfc after treatment, C49S seed setting rate Have improved. GA3 had the most significant effect on the fertility promotion of C49S, and the promotion effect was obvious at the three concentrations of 50å±®5 000g/L. The seed setting rate reached the highest value of 77.63% in the experiment, which was 13.67% higher than the control. IAA and NAA were strong on C49S. The promotion effect of the rate also reached a significant level, and the effect was only second to GA3 and AVG, and the effect of CaCl2 on the establishment of C49S was certain.

The test results showed that GA3AVGIAANAA and other treatments not only improved the seed setting rate of C49S significantly, but also the seeds were full and the 1000-grain weight was increased compared to the control, which improved the seed quality of C49S. Therefore, it could be unfavorable for C49S to self-inflict under the temperature and light conditions. Exogenous application of GA, AVG, etc. during reproduction to increase the inbreeding seed set rate and seed quality of C49S. 3 Conclusions and discussion According to research, after the long-day treatment of Nongken 58S, the pollen mother cell formation period, meiotic division and pollen contents were enriched. During the period, the release rate of ethylene in young spikes and anthers increased significantly and the swim was severely deficient (Xu Mengliang et al. 6 Zhang Nenggang et al., Luo Bingshan et al. (1999). According to Tian Changen et al. (1999), the study of rice cytoplasmic male sterile line Zhenjing 97A, infertility The rate of ethylene release from young panicles and leaves was higher than that of its maintainer (Zhenjing 97B). The application of ethephon significantly reduced the pollen fertility of the maintainer line. The external application of AVG caused a decrease in the rate of ethylene release from the two lines and made infertility. The pollen fertility was partially restored. The seed setting rate of C49S was significantly increased after spraying IAA and NAA with the same physiological effects as IAA during the booting stage. The seed setting rate was significantly lower, and the sterility degree was higher than 99% at higher concentrations, but the seed setting rate of C49S was significantly increased after spraying AVG. In addition, the effect of gibberellin administration on improving the seed setting rate of C49S was also very significant. It is considered to be a potentiating androgenic hormone that promotes the synthesis of auxin in plants and at the same time promotes the conversion of bound IAA to free IAA, inhibits the activity of IAA oxidase and inhibits the oxidative breakdown of IAA. Inferred that the pollen abortion of temperature-sensitive male sterile wheat C49S may be closely related to the comprehensive balance of ethylene, IAA gibberellin and other hormones in young panicles and anthers, according to Liu Zhongqi et al. (1992 studies believe that IAA on wheat kernels Dry matter accumulation has obvious promotion effect.The seed setting rate of C49S after the application of IAA in this experiment is not only significantly increased but also the grain is fuller than the control.From the relationship between gibberellin and IAA, gibberellin is beneficial to the accumulation of IAA. The test results also showed that the external application of gibberellin can increase the seed setting rate of C49S, and the grain is also fuller than the control. The active ingredient of Aiduoxin is mononitrate guaiacol sodium, which is a plant cell activating agent. It can promote the flow of cell protoplasm, enhance the activity of cells, and promote the absorption and transportation of nutrients. From the point of view of the effect of spraying more love, the effect of improving seed setting rate and grain weight is also very obvious.

At present, C49S has been tested and demonstrated in Chongqing, Sichuan, Hubei, Yunnan, and other provinces and cities, but it must be used on a large scale in production. The fertility stability of C49S needs to be paid enough attention. Seen from the test results, C49S sterile seed production When the trace fertile pollen may appear due to abnormally high temperature, ethephon or other chemical killing agent may be used to control the risk; in the C49S self-cross breeding, GA3AVGIAANAA, etc. can be used to improve the self-seed fertility rate and seed quality. The effects of plant hormones and chemical substances on the fertility of C49S in the trial were determined by the external spraying method. The content of endogenous hormones such as endogenous Ca2+ in C49S and the changes in the process of young panicle development and how they were affected Participate in the regulation of fertility conversion of C49S, pending further study