The premature aging is a common phenomenon in the cultivation of rapeseed in the rice field, and it is the main obstacle to further increase the yield and quality of rapeseed. Insufficient base fertilizer, topdressing is not timely; soil compaction, root extension is not smooth; planting density is too large, population and individual growth are not coordinated; deficiency, nutrient imbalance; drought or waterlogging, freezing damage, pests and diseases can cause rice field scorpion live rape De-stress premature aging.
The leaves of rapeseed with premature aging and premature senescence are purple or purple-green, the new leaves are small and straight, the leaves are thin and the leaves are less; the base of the stem is thin and thin, the bark is shrunk, the skin color is purple, sometimes the plant is atrophied; the root group is poorly developed. The root system is not well stretched, the root crown is not strong, and even black roots appear; the growth is slow, generally it takes 8 to 10 days for a normal field to grow 1 true leaf, and 14 days for a force field.
To prevent the premature aging of rapeseed in the paddy field, it is necessary to adopt measures such as rational close planting, cultivating loose soil, spring fertilizer application, clearing gully roots, root dressing, disease prevention and pest control.
Reasonable close planting Reasonable close planting can reach the seedling foot, the seedling uniform, the seedling strong, and give full play to the advantages of the group and the individual. The planting density was determined according to the variety of rapeseed and soil fertility. The hybrid variety was smaller than the conventional variety, and the high-fertility field was smaller than the medium-low fertility field. Hybrid rapeseed varieties are planted in medium fertility fields, and conventional varieties are planted in high-fertility fields, with a total of 90,000 to 10,000 plants per acre; and 10,000 to 12,000 plants per acre in low- and medium-fertility fields.
The cultivating and loosening soil will plough the soil and fertilize in the seedling hour, promote the occurrence and lowering of secondary roots in the middle and late stages, increase the proportion of new roots, enhance the vitality of roots and the ability to prevent fall in the middle and late stages.
According to the situation of rapeseed deficiency, it is targeted to supplement nutrients. Appropriately increase the amount of fertilizer used, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and boron fertilizer to promote stable and rapid development. The returning green fertilizer and manure applied after spring will be applied once in winter, with 10-15 kg of urea per acre, 20-30 kg of superphosphate, 7-8 kg of potassium chloride, 250-350 kg of human waste. , or 25% compound fertilizer 25 ~ 30 kg, urea 7 ~ 10 kg, human excrement 250 ~ 350 kg, add water to cast.
Clearing the roots of the gully After the winter and returning to the green, the dredge will dredge the “three ditch†2 to 3 times to ensure no water in the field when it rains. At the same time, the loose soil in the ditch is covered between the empty rows to promote the root growth, and prevent the lodging from growing.
Top dressing outside the roots can be used to supplement the nutrient deficiency caused by long flowering knots, thereby increasing the number of pods and increasing the grain weight. Generally, 0.5% urea aqueous solution and 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 50-60 kg are sprayed per mu.
Prevention and treatment of pests and diseases Pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, aphids and cabbage caterpillars.
The leaves of rapeseed with premature aging and premature senescence are purple or purple-green, the new leaves are small and straight, the leaves are thin and the leaves are less; the base of the stem is thin and thin, the bark is shrunk, the skin color is purple, sometimes the plant is atrophied; the root group is poorly developed. The root system is not well stretched, the root crown is not strong, and even black roots appear; the growth is slow, generally it takes 8 to 10 days for a normal field to grow 1 true leaf, and 14 days for a force field.
To prevent the premature aging of rapeseed in the paddy field, it is necessary to adopt measures such as rational close planting, cultivating loose soil, spring fertilizer application, clearing gully roots, root dressing, disease prevention and pest control.
Reasonable close planting Reasonable close planting can reach the seedling foot, the seedling uniform, the seedling strong, and give full play to the advantages of the group and the individual. The planting density was determined according to the variety of rapeseed and soil fertility. The hybrid variety was smaller than the conventional variety, and the high-fertility field was smaller than the medium-low fertility field. Hybrid rapeseed varieties are planted in medium fertility fields, and conventional varieties are planted in high-fertility fields, with a total of 90,000 to 10,000 plants per acre; and 10,000 to 12,000 plants per acre in low- and medium-fertility fields.
The cultivating and loosening soil will plough the soil and fertilize in the seedling hour, promote the occurrence and lowering of secondary roots in the middle and late stages, increase the proportion of new roots, enhance the vitality of roots and the ability to prevent fall in the middle and late stages.
According to the situation of rapeseed deficiency, it is targeted to supplement nutrients. Appropriately increase the amount of fertilizer used, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and boron fertilizer to promote stable and rapid development. The returning green fertilizer and manure applied after spring will be applied once in winter, with 10-15 kg of urea per acre, 20-30 kg of superphosphate, 7-8 kg of potassium chloride, 250-350 kg of human waste. , or 25% compound fertilizer 25 ~ 30 kg, urea 7 ~ 10 kg, human excrement 250 ~ 350 kg, add water to cast.
Clearing the roots of the gully After the winter and returning to the green, the dredge will dredge the “three ditch†2 to 3 times to ensure no water in the field when it rains. At the same time, the loose soil in the ditch is covered between the empty rows to promote the root growth, and prevent the lodging from growing.
Top dressing outside the roots can be used to supplement the nutrient deficiency caused by long flowering knots, thereby increasing the number of pods and increasing the grain weight. Generally, 0.5% urea aqueous solution and 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 50-60 kg are sprayed per mu.
Prevention and treatment of pests and diseases Pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, aphids and cabbage caterpillars.
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