With the increasingly fierce competition in the feed market, the pellet quality of pelleted feed has received increasing attention. The user requires that the feed granules have a smooth appearance, uniform granules, suitable granule hardness, low pulverization rate, and water compliance with standards, and the realization of these requirements involves various aspects such as feed formulation and raw material quality, feed processing technology and equipment.
1. Feed nutrients affect granulation
(1) After the starch is tempered by high temperature and water, the starch can be gelatinized and converted into monosaccharides to improve the nutritional value of the feed. At the same time, it can also play a role in lubrication and bonding, reduce the powdering rate of the pellet feed, and improve the quality of the pellet. .
(2) Protein content is an important factor in determining the quality of the granules. Generally, when the protein content is high, the granules are easy to be granulated, and the granules are also good in quality, because the plasticity and viscosity increase after the protein is heated, so that the granulation yield is improved and the quality is good. However, when the protein content in the formula is too high, the ability to absorb steam is seriously reduced, and the temperature of the feed is only 50 to 60 ° C, and the quality of the particles is seriously degraded.
(3) Piglets are usually added with fats and fats. When the proper amount of fat is added to the feed, the fluidity of the feed through the die hole is good, the frictional resistance is reduced, the feed is easy to form, and the ring die of the granulator is small in wear, low in energy consumption, and good in particle quality. However, the fat content added to the feed is too high, and the quality of the pellets is rather decreased. Because the oil and fat can reduce the binding force between the feed particles, the particles are easily broken and the storage electricity is difficult. According to good feed, the domestic feed granulation process generally adds grease to the mixer. Generally, the added fat in the compound feed is preferably 3%. When excess fat is required in the feed, it can be added by spraying after granulation.
(4) Under normal circumstances, when the moisture before the quenching and tempering is lower than 12.5%, the ability to absorb steam is strong, the quenching temperature is high, and the pellet quality is good. The effect of moisture in the powdery feed after conditioning is 15.5% to 17%. In recent years, when new corn is on the market, it is difficult to add steam during the quenching and tempering, and the granulation production has high power consumption. The productivity is low, the hardness of the feed pellet is poor, and the powdering rate is high. In view of this situation, the powdered compound feed can be temporarily stored in the granulation intermediate tank for 16 to 24 hours, so that the raw materials can be fully mass-transferred, and then granulated, so that the ability of the feed to absorb steam can be increased, and the quenching and tempering temperature can be basically Guaranteed above 70 °C.
(5) When there is a hygroscopic material in the powdery feed, if the production preparation time is long, the fluidity of the powdery feed is seriously degraded, and at the same time, such feed has poor granulation performance and poor particle quality. For example, in the production of suckling pig feed, citric acid, whey powder, milk replacer powder and other raw materials are added. Since these raw materials are easily viscous when exposed to air, and are easily coked at high temperature, it is particularly difficult to add steam during granulation. The temperature is low and the particle quality is poor. When producing such feeds, it is only possible to use a method of rapid production with less steam.
2. Feed raw materials affect the efficiency of pellet feed production
Generally, raw materials with high fat content can improve production efficiency, such as soybean meal and peanut cake; raw materials with high fiber content can reduce production efficiency, such as grain distiller's grains, rice bran, beet meal; corn, barley, fish meal, wheat bran, Barley and other granulation ability is moderate; however, there are exceptions. For example, corn oil meal contains 11.5 crude fiber, which has good granulation ability. Dehydrated mash contains about 20% of crude fiber, medium granulation capacity, and wheat flour contains about 1% fat. The ability to grow is also moderate. Therefore, when designing the feed formula, the granulation capacity and nutritional characteristics of various raw materials should be considered to complement each other, and the appropriate raw materials should be selected. [size= ]
Feed formulation and raw material quality have a significant impact on particle quality. Energy feed and protein feed are the main raw materials and are also the main factors affecting the quality of the pellets. At present, various alternative protein materials such as DDG, brewer's grains, corn protein powder, bacterial protein, feed yeast, rapeseed meal, cotton aphid, blood meal, meat (bone) powder, silkworm cocoon powder, etc., have a large difference in quality, resulting in the absorption of steam by the feed. The ability to decrease is characterized by loose particles, no surface, poor hardness, and high chalking rate. In order to improve the quality of the granules, it is often necessary to add an additive component such as wheat, secondary powder or bentonite to the formulation. Adding the right amount of wheat or sub-flour is better, mainly because it is rich in gluten and soluble cellulose, and it is easier to absorb steam and mature, thus improving the quality of the particles.
3. The impact of production process equipment
Small-scale feed mills often use low-pressure steam boilers, which use steam pressures of 0.2 to 0.4 MPa. Steam boilers are also placed near the granulator. Due to their low production, the steam pipeline has a short transport distance and the granulator has a small ring diameter. Generally, it is ф2~ф3), so its pellet quality is good. Because of the high output and large equipment, the large-scale feed mill is generally far away from the production workshop, so its steam transmission pipeline is long (usually in the hundreds of meters), often using high temperature. High pressure steam to ensure the quality of steam during granulation. Saturated steam of 0.8 MPa and 180 ° C is generally used.
Mold hole diameter and feed cone hole: When the thickness of the die is constant, the die hole diameter is reduced, the strength of the feed pellet is increased, the grain shape is uniform, the hardness and density are increased, and the powdering rate is lowered. According to the data, feed pellets with a die hole of φ2 to φ3 mm are beneficial for the feeding of suckling pigs and chicks.
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